ʻO ka essay liʻiliʻi e hoʻolauna iā mākou i ka honua kupaianaha o ka honua honua. Kūpono no nā poʻe āpau e makemake e hoʻomaka a ʻike i ka hana a kēia ʻepekema.
ʻO kahi kālaihonua i ka pilikia. ʻO kahi huakaʻi ma waena o ka manawa a i kahi hohonu loa o ka Honua
Ua makemake au iā ia, akā makemake wau e komo ʻo ia i loko o ka honua honua. Lana koʻu manaʻo e loaʻa ana ka lua o ka leo i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā formations, nā pōhaku, nā minelala, a pēlā aku. Kahi palapala e kōkua i ka naturalist e hele i waho i ke kula a hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻano o nā formations āna e ʻike nei a no ke aha lākou i hana ai.
Ma loko o ka puke ua koʻikoʻi mākou a hōʻike ʻia i ke ʻano o nā kālaihonua, astronomy, a me ke aniau ʻokoʻa. ʻO ke kālaihonua a me ke aniau He ʻokoʻa ka hopena o nā hanana kālaihonua i ke aniau, akā ʻo nā ʻano ʻokoʻa i ke aniau ke kumu o nā pōʻino kūlohelohe
ʻO ka wehewehe o ka hopena o ka dinosaurs. Me he mea lā he wahi hoihoi loa ia a me ke kūkulu hou ʻana.
Haʻo iā 'oe
He wehewehe pōkole o nā Geologic Timescales, ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka puke. I kekahi manawa kamaʻilio ʻo ia e pili ana i ka eona a me nā manawa ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā makahiki, nā manawa, a ua hele mai ʻo ia e alakaʻi hewa iaʻu. Maliʻa paha he manaʻo maikaʻi kahi hoʻohui hoʻohui ma ka hopena me kēia ʻike.
He kiko wau e makemake ai e loiloi pono me ka ʻike kūwaho. Ke waiho nei wau i kekahi mau memo ma nā mokuna like ʻole, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai a me nā kumuhana ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui ai i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka moana, e ʻike i ka loiloi o He ao polū na Sylvia A. Earle
Nā memo
Ke hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana lā
Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi loa ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana o ka lā a me kā mākou honua a me ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kiʻi hoihoi i ka hoʻopuka kūikawā o Nationa Geographic
Mai ka Big Bang a i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana o ka lā e pili ana i ka hoʻuluulu ʻia ʻana o nā mea e ka ʻumeume umeumaha e hana ai i loko o nā wahi momona o nā mea a lākou e hui pū nei, e hana ana i nā meteors liʻiliʻi e hoʻomau mau nei i ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana a loaʻa i ka nui o ka nui. e hoʻomaka i ka fuse i loko o ka nucleus, e hoʻohui hou a hana i nā mea hou aku.
E wehewehe i nā ʻano panakō ʻokoʻa i ka ʻōnaehana, pōhaku a me nā kinoea, a no ke aha lākou e kū ai
ʻO ke Kuiper Belt a me ka Cloud Oort. ʻO Oort, ma waena o Mars a me Iupita. pohaku a metallic ka hapa nui o nā kino
ʻO ka asteroid nui loa ʻo Ceres me ke anawaena o ʻaneʻane he hoʻokahi tausani mau kilomita
Hana ʻia ʻo Kuiper ma ʻō aku o ko Neptune ala i ka hau.
Ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka honua a me ka mahina
Hoʻohālikelike ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka honua i nā paneta ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōnaehana solar. E wehewehe he mau apo ko ka honua a me nā manaʻo ʻekolu i ʻae ʻia o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka mahina, fission, i ʻōlelo ʻia e George Darwin, ke keiki a Charles Darwin i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX. ʻO kekahi o ka hopu a me kekahi o ka hopena nui ka mea i ʻae ʻia
ʻO ka pōʻino hao i kū i ka wā i ʻoi aku ai ka Honua i ka 1538ºC, ke ana wela i hehee ai ka hao. Aia ka honua i ka viscous state a me nā mea kaumaha i piholo i ke kumu.
ʻO ka Precambrian
Ua hala he 4.000 biliona mau makahiki, 90% o ka mōʻaukala o ka Honua
ʻO James hutton, ʻike ʻoi aku ka laulā o nā unahi manawa kālaihonua a ʻaʻole holo ka makahiki honua i helu ʻia me nā huaʻōlelo Baibala
Mai ka radiation radiometric e hoʻohana pono ana i ka disintegration a me ka isotopso, hoʻomaka e helu i nā waiwai kokoke.
ʻO Arthur Holmes i ka makahiki 1940 me kēia mau hana i ʻike ʻia ma ka honua i 4500 miliona mau makahiki.
Mai aneʻi e hele mākou i kahi wehewehe o nā papa like ʻole o ka Honua, o kāna ʻano kūloko
Mai ka neʻe Continental o Wegener i ka papa tectonics, ʻo ia ka manaʻo i ʻae ʻia i kēia lā
A pau ka mokuna me nā glaciations nui o kēia wā i hoʻokahi haneli tausani mau makahiki e anuanu ana a hiki i ka piha piha ʻana o ka hau i 50 mau makahiki. Hiki ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole. ʻO nā lehulehu Continental i kahi ʻē aʻe i hōʻike i ka wela ma mua o ke komo ʻana. Ua nui ka ua a hana ka wai a me co2 me ka pōhaku a ʻoiai heʻuʻuku co2 ua emi ka wela i ka lewa a me kahi pele e hiki ai i kahi lua pele e hōʻike i nā kukuna o ka lā a ʻae ʻole e komo ka wela.
ʻO ka Paleozoic
Hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma Cambrian me ka hoʻokumu ʻia o Pangea, kekahi o nā supercontinents ʻokoʻa i kū me kona ʻaoʻao i puka (Gondwana9 a laila i ka Carboniferous
ʻO nā luku nui ʻelima i hana ʻia ma kā mākou honua, 3 i hana ʻia ma ka Paleozoic
ʻO nā luku, fçosible a me ke au o ka lānahu, ka carboniferous, o ka helehelena o nā mea kanu ma ka honua a pehea i hana ai ka Ordovician-Silurian glaciation
Pehea e hana ai a pehea e hana ai nā supercontinents
A ka make weliweli permoth ma waena o ka Permian a me ka Triassic, ʻo ka luku ʻia naʻe o ka mōʻaukala aʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻomākaukau i ke ala no nā dinosaurs.
ʻO ka Mesozoic
Mai ka 250 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei a i ka 66 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Kaulana ʻia no ke au i noho aliʻi ai nā dinosaurs i ka Honua.
Loaʻa iā ia, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous ka mea e kani nui ai iā mākou āpau. I Jurassic a me Cretaceous aia kekahi piʻi nui o ke kai.
ʻIke ʻia nā mea kanu pua mua. A i ka Cretaceous, ʻike ʻia nā pi.
I ka Triassic, ʻike ʻia nā māmela mua, nā liʻiliʻi o ka nui a ʻike ʻia nā manu mua e ulu ana mai ka ulu ʻana o nā dinosaurs.
ʻO ka luku ʻia o ka Triassic-Jurassic, ʻaʻole ia ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia me ka luku ʻia ʻana o 1/3 o nā laha ma ka Honua. Ma hope o kēia luku ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ka noho aliʻi ʻana o nā dinosaurs.
I ka Paleozoic ka hapa nui o nā waihona Carbon i hana ʻia a ma ka Mesozoic ka hapa nui o nā hydrocarbons e like me ka aila.
Pau ʻole ʻo Cretaceous-Paleogene. ʻO ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia, kēlā o ka meteorite nāna i kinai i nā dinosaurs. Ua nalo ka 75% o ko ka honua ʻano
ʻO ka lua pele ʻo Chicxulub ma waena o ka peninsula ʻo Yucatan a me ke kahawai ʻo Mexico
Kūkulu kahi 2 tausani km a puni ka hopena i nā ululāʻau, kahi ōlaʻi o ka nui 01 a 11 paha i hoʻokumu ʻia.
ʻO ka Cenozoic (ke au o nā māmala)
He ola hou ia. Ke neʻe nei nā ʻāina i ko lākou kūlana i kēia manawa ke haki ʻo Pangea. He manawa kēia o ka hōʻalili honua
ʻO ka Crisis Salinity Messinian
Ma ka lalo o ke Kaiwaenahonua nui nā waihona paʻakai, ma kekahi mau wahi 3km ka mānoanoa. Manaʻo ʻia ua maloʻo a kokoke e eo no 300.000 mau makahiki. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua huki ʻia kahi o ka Strait o Gibralatar e ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana o nā pā ʻelua a ʻaʻole i komo ka wai. I kēia manawa ua hele hou a hoʻopiha ke Kaiwaenahonua, e kamaʻilio ana e pili ana i ka piʻi ʻana o 10 m i ka lā a me ka wai e komo ana ma 300 km / h me nā wailele ʻoi aku ma mua o 1000 mau mika.
Nūlani
ʻO Nūhōlani kahi ʻāpana o Nūlani, ka ʻāpana i koe i puka mai. ʻO Zeeland kahi ʻāpana o Gondwana, ma hope o ka haki ʻana o Pangea 200 miliona mau makahiki i hala
ʻO ka Quaternary a me nā makahiki hau ʻē aʻe
ʻO ka Astronomy a me nā kumumanaʻo e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka honua i kahi makahiki hau quaternary. Nā pōʻaiapuni ʻo Milankovitch e hoʻoponopono i ke aniau o ka Honua
Nā dryas hou
Pau kāna kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i nā lua pele a me ke aniau a me ka hoʻomehana honua e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka Honua
ʻEntionlelo i ka Anthropocene
ʻO ka ʻimi no nā kumuwaiwai ākea, nā metala, nā minelala, ka wai i nā asteroids ākea,
A nā kumu kūpono paha o ka hopena o ka honua, nā makaʻu kālaihonua e hoʻoweliweli iā mākou.
Kiʻi kiʻi
ʻO kekahi o nā kiʻi aʻu i kiʻi ai e hele pū me ka loiloi, me ka kaleka, me kahi geode a me nā fossil
Inā he kanaka hoʻomaha ʻoe e like me mākou a makemake ʻoe e hui pū i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka papahana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i kahi hāʻawi. E hele nā kālā a pau e kūʻai i nā puke a me nā mea hana e hoʻokolohua a hana i nā haʻawina
