ʻO nā loko nui o ʻAmelika Hema

Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻatikala ma nā memo na Moanawai Nui o Amerika Akau, kahi helehelena nui i hoʻohiwahiwa iaʻu. Lawe ʻia nā memo mai kahi ʻatikala e a mai ka pepa palapala National Geographic, haʻalele wau i ka puke puke puke ma ka hopena.

Lana koʻu manaʻo a hauʻoli ʻoe i nā lā āpau aʻu e haʻalele ai. I kēia manawa ke heluhelu wau e pili ana i nā ʻōiwi ʻōiwi i noho i kēia wahi hiki iaʻu ke hoʻomaopopo i kona ākea.

Nā moʻolelo a me nā moʻolelo i kamaʻilio ʻia e mākou ma ka blog a hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma Native North American Comanche a Lio pupule a me Custer

He aha nā loko?

ʻO nā loko nui o ʻAmelika Hema ʻo 5: ʻO Lake Superior, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, a me Lake Ontario. Loaʻa iā lākou he 84% o ka wai hou ma ʻAmelika Hema āpau a me 20% o ka wai hou ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ke hoʻolako nei i kahi kokoke 40 miliona mau ʻAmelika a me nā Kanada a me ka wai i ka nui o nā mea kanu.

Loaʻa iā lākou he 22700 biliona liters o ka wai hou.

ka #Lake Nui mai ka lewa 💧🛰️
Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻelima o nā loko nui o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i kēia kiʻi kupaianaha i loaʻa e ka @CopernicusEU #Sentinel3 misionari. Me kahi ʻāpana i hui ʻia ma kahi o 244 sq km, ʻo nā loko i hōʻike i ka ʻili nui o ka wai maʻemaʻe ma ka honua. pic.twitter.com/UULaGfEVxk

—ESA Earth Observation (@ESA_EO) Ianuari 4, 2023

Pehea lākou i hana ai?

Hana ʻia lākou i ke kālai ʻia o nā awāwa hohonu e ka holomua a me ka haʻalele ʻana o nā aniani i loko o nā makahiki he mau kaukani i piha me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe i ka hopena o ke au hau i hala.

1,5km hau mānoanoa. Hana ka hau i ke plug a ʻo ka wai i hala ma lalo o ke kālai ʻana i ka ʻāina i nā kahawai.

I ka loko o luna he mau apo i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka wai e kaomi ana i nā sediment maikaʻi.

ʻIke Kūlana Nui

Pili nā loko āpau. Komo ka wai i ka loko ma luna mai ke komohana ʻākau, mai laila a i Lake Lake a me Huron, ʻo ia nā ʻano ʻelua o ka loko hoʻokahi. Mai Huron a i Erie, kahi e lele ai i lalo ma Niagara Falls a i Ontario, a mai laila aku a i ka ʻAkelanika ma o ka muliwai St. Lawrence

ʻO ia kekahi o nā ʻōiwi ʻōiwi ʻōiwi o ka pae ʻāina. No lākou mai ka wā hau i hala ma ʻAmelika Hema. I ka hili ʻana o nā aniani he mau kilomita ka manoanoa mai ke kūkulu hema o Kansas a i ka Arctic a i ka emi ʻana o ka heluna hau i 11000 mau makahiki i hala, ua ʻeli lākou i nā ipu i piha i ka hoʻoheheʻe a lilo i Nā Loko Nui. ʻAʻole i kū mai nā ʻōnaehana o kēia wā a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokahe a kokoke ma kahi o 3000 mau makahiki i hala.

Kai kiʻiona

ʻO ka mea kiʻekiʻe ka mea nui, ʻo ka mea kahiko a me nā mea hoʻohaumia ʻole, ʻo ia ka mea i mālama ʻia. Ke emi nei nō naʻe ka hau a ke hoʻomahana nei ka loko. he panakō liʻiliʻi kona. Hāʻawi ia i nā poʻe 581000 a me 9500 miliona mau lita e hoʻopau ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā.

ʻO 406 mau mika kona hohonu

ʻO Lake Superiror ke kino o ka wai hou me ka ʻāpana nui loa o ka honua, nona ka hapa o ka nui o ka wai o nā Loko ʻelima nui.

Lake Mikina

Maʻemaʻe loa ka wai o Lake Michigan ma muli o nā mussel invasive e kānana i nā phytoplankton. Hāʻawi ia i 13,3 miliona mau kānaka e hoʻopau i 40900 biliona liters i kēlā me kēia lā

ʻO ia wale nō ka mea i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

Kanal ʻo Manilou ma ka Loko ʻo Mikolako

Mussels a me nā limu cladophoric. Hoʻokuʻu ka limu make i kahi lāʻau make (hana i nā toxin botulism) make i nā iʻa a me nā manu.

Hana ʻia kahi ilina o cladaphoras.

Lake Huron

ʻO Lake Huron, kahi kahakai olakino olakino, akā ke hoʻomaka nei e lilo i mussels a me ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā samani. Hāʻawi ia i 3,1 miliona poʻe noho me 31600 liters i hoʻopau ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā

ʻO Ferret ka muli loa o nā ʻāina.

Ma ka loko ʻo Huron aia kekahi mau hāʻule lalo i lalo o Niagara.

He 10.000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei ua nui nā kulu a me nā piʻi o ka wai.

Hoʻopili ke aniau i ka pae o ka loko.

Aia ma ka loko ʻo Huron kahi pali, kahi pae mauna limu i kū kūʻē i ka hau. Ua ola ia i ka wā e noho ana nā Paleo-ʻAmelika. Ua loaʻa kālā lākou.

7000 a i 8000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei he ʻāina maloʻo ia. Manaʻoʻiʻo lākou aia kahi hoʻokumu o ke kanaka e ʻimi iā caribou.

Lake ʻAnakona

Loaʻa i ka Lake Ontario kahi pilikia haumia o nā kūlanakauhale. e ka wai ua a me ka wai hoʻowahāwahā a me ka hanauna o ka uila me nā mea kanu e hoʻohana i ka wai loko me he coolant. Hāʻawi ia iā 10, w miliona mau kānaka a me 38900 biliona lita e hoʻopau ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā.

ʻO 244 mau mika kona hohonu

ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe o ka mercury a me nā biphenyls polychlorinated kiʻekiʻe loa i hiki ʻole ke ʻai i ka nui o kāu iʻa

5 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei i piʻi ka pae o ka wai i ka pae o kēia manawa ma muli o ka hoʻololi o ke aniau i kahi i lawe mai i ka ua e hoʻopiha iā lākou.

Kuhi nā pae mauna piha i nā māwae ma ʻAkekona i ka pilikia o ka ʻĀina Nui. Aia nā haunaele. He hōʻailona lākou o ka hana seismic e hana ana i nā pae mauna. he mau haʻihaʻi hoʻoliʻiliʻi lākou. ʻAʻole ia e like me ka geologically paʻa e like me ka mea i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ma mua. Aia kona nui ma waena o 1 a me 3 m kiʻekiʻe a me 5 - 10 m ākea a nui km o lagro. Piha piha i nā haunaele.

Nui nā ʻōlaʻi liʻiliʻi loa.

Ma ka hikina hikina, ma ke kahawai o San Lorenzo, aia kahi hakahaka. ʻO ia ka Subdury void, Subdury basin a Subdury paha. ʻO ia ka lua nui o nā lua pele ma ka Honua ma hope o ka lua pele ʻo Vredefot. ʻO 1,2 km ke anawaena

Lake erie

ʻOi aku ka momona o ka momona ʻo Lake Erie. ʻO ia ka papakū o ka ʻelima, kahi kiʻekiʻena o ka lehulehu ma kona kahakai a me nā kiʻekiʻe o ka haumia. ʻO ka holo ʻana mai ka mahiʻai ke kumu o nā pua alga weliweli. Hāʻawi ia i 12,2 miliona mau kānaka e hoʻopau i ka 26100 biliona lita i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ia ka hohonu hohonu 64 mika

I ke kauwela o 2019, ua hoʻonui ka nui o nā limu i 1699 mau mile kuea o ka loko. Hiki i kēia mau limu ke hoʻokuʻu i nā toxins i loko o ka wai e hōʻeha i ka ʻili o ka ʻili a me ka hōʻino o ke ake.

He mokupuni ʻo Long Point i kūkulu ʻia e ke one i hū i nā glaciers.

E huli i ka palapala ʻāina Bathymetric Lake Eyre

Loaʻa iā ia he 2 helu, Ka Lae Lōʻihi a me ka Crick?, Hana ʻia nā 2 i ke one.

Niagara Falls, 1 miliona lita o ka wai e hāʻule i hoʻokahi minuke.

Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā aniani, piʻi ka lua i 11 km mai luna o Ontario a hiki i Lake Eyre.

Nā hanana ʻino loa

Ke piʻi nei, nā hanana nui o ka wā e kū nei i ka ʻĀina Nui ma muli o ka hoʻololi o ke aniau a manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomau e hoʻonui.

Hoʻopili nā ʻinoʻino iā lākou e like me ke kāhea ʻino milenio. Nā hālana ma muli o ke kahe ʻana o ka ʻilikai i luku i ke kapakai kaona, nā gales ikaika, a pēlā aku.

I ka makahiki 2016 ua kīkēkē kahi ʻino i ka ʻōnaehana lako wai ma Duluth, kahi kūlanakauhale ma kahakai o Lake Superior, kekahi o nā wai nui loa o ka wai hou ma ka honua.

Ke pale nei lākou i ke kahakai kaiāulu me nā tona he 69000 o nā pōhaku e hōʻalo i ka pohō, ke holo nei ke alanui a ʻaʻohe kālā o kēia mau kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi e hoʻomau i ka loaʻa hou ʻana.

Wanana kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona aniau i ka helu o nā ʻino nui loa ma ka honua e pāpālua ʻia no kēlā me kēia kekelē centigrade o ka hoʻomehana honua.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka mahana ma waena o nā latitude kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokele nei i ka kahawai jet i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia, e hoʻoulu ana i ke au o ke ea i hoʻopili i nā ʻano kau kau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻino.

Nā Kūlana

I ka makahiki 1972, me ka ʻae ʻia o ke Kānāwai Wai Maʻemaʻe, kau ʻia nā kānāwai koʻikoʻi ma luna o nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai wai i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o nā phosphates mai nā mea holoi holoi lole. Ulu koke ka limu ke loaʻa ka phosphore. Me ka ʻole o ka phosphorus ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻonui.

No 25 mau makahiki ua holo maikaʻi nā mea āpau a ma hope o kēia manawa aia kekahi mau pilikia limu ma nā Lakes Nui ma muli o ka mahiʻai.

Ma kahi o ka palau ʻana i ka ʻāina a me ka momona ʻana me ka manure i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ua paipai ʻia ka poʻe mahiʻai e hoʻohana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pololei ʻana. Akā pono kēia ʻano hana e pono ke ulu pono a ʻo ka pilikia ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka compost i ka honua a i kēia manawa noho mau nā granules phosphor i ka 5 knm mua o ka honua a ke kō ka ua i ka lepo hana ia pēlā. a pau i loko o nā loko

A ua nui hou ka ua a ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nei e hoʻēmi i ka holo ʻana mai nā kula.

E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻāina monoculture e ke kanu ʻana i nā mea ulu uhi i nā kau hāʻule.

Maanei mākou e loulou ai i ka pepa paʻi Honi i ka honua. Honi i ka Honua: ʻO ka mahiʻai Regenerative i hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma Netflix https://www.netflix.com/es/title/81321999

Ka hopena o ka mahiʻai

ʻO ka pilikia nui ke kumu ʻia e nā macro-exploitation ka CAFO (Nā Hana Hana ʻAi Manu.

Kuhi ka loko Nui Lakes ma kahi o 1500 biliona liters o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā e hoʻoinu i nā mea kanu. Loaʻa iā 25% o ka hana mahiʻai Kanada a me 7% no ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

ʻO ka nui o nā wahi i mahi ʻia he 160,4 miliona mau ʻeka ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me 37,8 miliona mau ʻeka ma Kanada, maʻamau ma lalo o ka monoculture ikaika. Mālama lākou i ka ulu ʻana i ka palaoa, ka soya a me ka mauʻu i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO ka pilikia o kēia monocULT no ka pau ʻana o ka ʻāina e koi ana i kahi nui o ka compost, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi māla e mahi i nā ʻano like, pono ka nui o nā mea momona e hoʻopiha hou i ka momona o ka lepo.

Ma ka hoʻomomona ʻana i nā mea he nui, nitrogen a me nā phosphor i komo ʻole ʻia e ka ʻāina ma o ka holo ʻana a hiki i nā kahawai i hiki i nā loko nui. Aia a laila, ʻai nā limu i kēia mau meaola a hoʻopuka hou i kahi ala nui, e ʻānai ana i ka lā, oxygen a me ka mea e ʻānai ana i ka holoholona. Pāpulu nā mea kanu make a me nā limu, ʻaihue nā bacteria i nā oxygen hou aʻe ma ka haki ʻana i nā meaola.

ʻO ka limu keu i hana ʻia e ka phosphore i koi aku i kekahi kūlanakauhale nui ma Ohio e hoʻopau i ka lako o ka wai.

ʻO ka poho wai ʻeleʻele nui

ʻO kahi poho wai 4000-ʻehā kilomika kilomika. He poho maoli ia no nā mea momona a keu a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XNUMX ua hoʻomaloʻo loa ʻia ia i hiki i nā mea noho ke kanu i kāna lepo momona.

Diatoms

ʻO nā diatoms he limu i loaʻa i loko o ka moana, nā kahawai, a me nā loko i hana i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o ka oxygen i ka lewa, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka wao nahele ʻo Amazon, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka lung o ka honua.

Me ka ʻole o nā diatoms e ʻūlū nā loko a lilo i kumu kumu no ka meaʻai.

Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano diatoms he 3000 ma nā Loko Nui a manaʻo ʻia he nui nā mea i koe e ʻike ʻia.

Hoʻohana lākou i ka mālamalama e hoʻolilo i ka wai a me carbon dioxide i mau huaʻaleʻale maʻalahi a he meaʻai mehana no ka zooplankton.

Ua ʻike lākou i kahi ʻano pīhoihoi, nā diatoms o ke Kai Kūʻono Nui e liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi ana. Manaʻo lākou he kumu ia no ka hoʻololi i ke aniau, i ka mehana o ka wai i loko o nā loko, paʻakikī ka manawa o ka diatoms e lana ana i loko o ka wai o ka honua a hohonu lākou e komo ai, akā ke komo lākou i ka hiki ke lawe i ka malamalama e emi.

Ke liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi nei lākou a aia ka mea liʻiliʻi o lākou a ke hoʻololi ʻia nei lākou e kekahi ʻano o ka "maikaʻi maikaʻi" a i ʻole nā ​​limu ʻawahia.

Ua hoʻemi nā mussels ma Lake Erie i nā diatoms e 90%

Me ka ʻole o nā diatoms hāʻule ka pūnaewele meaʻai. ʻO nā diatoms liʻiliʻi, hoʻowahāwahā i ka zooplankton e hōʻike ana i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi.

U ma muli o ka nalowale ʻana o ka gall superficial, e māhuahua ana ka pilikia.

Nā kiʻi e hāʻawi iā mākou i ka manaʻo o ka nui o nā loko

Anishinaabe Term : zaasigaakwii, pili ia i ka hōʻea ʻana o nā manu i ka pūnāwai a lawe koke ʻia e kahi ʻino.

Empty the great loko

ʻO kēia kahi pepa palapala National Geographic, kahi a lākou e haʻi ai iā mākou e pili ana i nā loko nui a hana lākou i kahi mea hoihoi loa e hoʻohālikelike e hoʻonele iā lākou mai ka ʻikepili i loaʻa i kahi sonar scan ʻaoʻao.

Mai kēia mau ʻikepili a me nā mea āu i ʻike ai, hāpai ʻia nā nīnau e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kēia mega-ʻano maoli a me ke ʻano o ka wā i hala a me ke ʻano o kona wā e hiki mai ana.

Haʻalele au i ka palapala ma aneʻi (ʻaʻole ia ma YouTube, e kala nui wau) a ma lalo o ka ʻikepili i loaʻa iaʻu kahi hoihoi.

Aia kahi alahaka kuapo i ke Alahaka ʻo Mackinac e hele i ke kowa o Mackinac me 8 km ka lōʻihi ma waena o Lake Huron a me Michigan.

I ka Strait o Mackinac aia kahi kahawai hohonu 40km x 1km ākea e nāhesa ma waena o nā kaha.

ʻO Draining Lake Maggiore ʻike lākou he 5000 a 7000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei he kahawai ia. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā moʻolelo āpau mai kekahi i kekahi, ʻaʻole pili iki ʻia e nā kahawai.

Nā moku moku

Aia ma kahi o 6000 mau moku moku ma kahi o 5 mau loko. ʻO ka hoʻokele i ka 18,19th, 20 a me ka mua o nā kenekulia XNUMX ua ikaika loa. ʻO ia ke ala waʻa ʻoi loa ma ka honua.

Ke piholo nei ʻo Edmund Fitzgerald, ka moku i hiolo nui ʻia i ka makahiki 1975. ʻO ia ka moku nui loa i piholo i ka Lago Nui. Ua piholo ia i 163 m me ka ʻinoʻino i loko o 3 mau makahiki. 29 i make aia i loko o ka baro. Ua wāwahi ʻia. Manaʻo lākou ua piholo ia i 56 km / h

Hāʻawi kēia i kahi manaʻo o waho o ka loko a me kona ʻano hihiu

Nā kumuhana:

• National Geographic Kekemapa 2020
• Wikipedia Nā Wailele Nui
• Ke hōʻike nei i ka pepa e kiʻi nei i nā loko nui e Nationa Geographic
• https://detroitriver.org/
• https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuenca_de_Sudbury