Ntau lub tuam txhab tsom mus rau lawv cov dag zog, txhawb kev muag khoom, hauv kev tsim cov phiaj xwm kev lag luam zoo. Nov yog txheej txheem uas muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab yog vim li cas cov tuam txhab loj tau nqis peev nyiaj ntau hauv cov phiaj xwm no. Tam sim no, nrog Cov Ntaub Ntawv Loj thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas tau sau los ntawm cov software peb siv, cov phiaj xwm zoo tiag tiag tuaj yeem tsim tawm. Tab sis txawm li ntawd los, tshaj tawm tsis yog txhua yam thiab muaj ntau txoj hauv kev zoo xws li MRP.
Nrog MRP koj tuaj yeem ua tau txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lag luam yam tsis tas yuav muag ntau qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom lossis cov kev pabcuam. Qhov no yuav zoo li counterintuitive, tab sis nws tsis yog. Cov tswv yim no tseem tsis koom nrog nce tus nqi ntawm cov khoom, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau ntawm kev sib tw. MRP cov kev coj ua mus rau qhov sib txawv heev ...
MRP yog dab tsi?
MRP sawv rau kev npaj khoom, lossis Kev Npaj Cov Khoom Yuav Tsum Tau. Cov txheej txheem uas lub tuam txhab tsom mus rau kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog los txhim kho kev tsim khoom ntawm nws cov khoom lossis kev pabcuam. Txoj kev ntawd koj tuaj yeem nce kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, txo tus nqi, thiab txiav txim siab uas pab koj kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
Cov hom phiaj
lub lub hom phiaj ntawm MRP lawv yog qhov tseeb heev, thiab lub hom phiaj yog:
- Txo cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov khoom. Rau qhov no, nws tso cai tswj tau zoo dua ntawm kev tsim khoom, xa khoom, thiab kev yuav khoom.
- Txo lub sijhawm tsim khoom thiab lub sijhawm khoom xa tuaj.
- Txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev txhim kho lossis txheej txheem tsim khoom.
- Dhau li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas teeb meem, txhim kho txoj hauv kev mus sij hawm ntev ntawm lub tuam txhab, thiab lwm yam.
Vim li cas qhov kev xav tau tshwm sim?
Ua ntej tuaj txog ntawm M.RP, thiab cov khoos phis tawj tau nthuav dav thoob plaws cov ntaub lag luam, muaj lwm txoj hauv kev xws li ROP (ReOrder Point) lossis ROQ (ReOrder Quantity) rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev tswj hwm cov khoom lag luam.
Thaum lub sij hawm Ntiaj Teb Thoob Ntiaj Teb Thoob Ntiaj TebMuaj txhua yam khoom tsim nyog ntawm tes kom tau raws li qhov xav tau yam tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam ntau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb, vim tias yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua qub vim cov peev txheej tsis txaus. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev ua tub rog, uas xav tau kev txhim kho kom muaj dab tsi nws siv sijhawm raug.
Cov ntawd yog thawj kab mob ntawm dab tsi tam sim no MRP, txawm hais tias nws tseem tsis tau paub tab thiab tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog ua tiav MRP txoj hauv kev. Tab sis tom qab ua tsov rog, thaum cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum hloov kho dua rau kev tsim khoom rau pej xeem siv, nrog dab tsi tau kawm thaum muaj teeb meem, kev tswj hwm cov khoom lag luam, kev tsim khoom thiab kev xa khoom tuaj yeem txhim kho.
El Polaris txoj haujlwm (UK txoj haujlwm nuclear), xav tau kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, thiab nws tseem yog lwm qhov taw tes rau kev txhim kho ntawm MRP. Nrog rau qhov tuaj txog ntawm Toyota txoj kev, xyoo 1964 nws tau pib nthuav dav thoob plaws kev lag luam, yog Dub & Decker thawj lub tuam txhab los txais yuav nws.
Nrog rau qhov pom ntawm thawj lub khoos phis tawj, lub software MRP nws yuav pab ntxiv kev nqis tes ua hauv ntau lub tuam txhab thiab txhim kho lawv cov kev ua tau zoo. Yog li, hauv 70s lub tswvyim yuav tshwm li peb paub hnub no.
Xyoo 1983, Oliver Wight yuav txhim kho MRP II, thiab los ntawm xyoo 80s ib feem peb ntawm kev lag luam tau siv MRP II software.
MRP II vs MRP II
Hauv ntu dhau los, lub tswv yim ntawm MRP II kuj tseem tau qhia, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, hauv ntu no koj yuav muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau qhov sib txawv ntawm ob qho tib si.
MRP II
Yeej, MPR Kuv muaj peev xwm teb cov lus nug txog ntau npaum li cas thiab thaum twg Koj yuav tsum yuav cov ntaub ntawv kom haum rau qhov xav tau kev tsim khoom tiag. Ntawd yog, koj tuaj yeem xav txog qhov xav tau txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab tias kev npaj tsim khoom tuaj yeem ua tiav. Thiab nws ua li ntawd raws li ob qhov tsis yooj yim: sijhawm thiab lub peev xwm.
Nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm software, txhua yam yog yooj yim dua, thiab nws muaj peev xwm suav tau qhov suav nrog qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau tsim thiab qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom. Tab sis rau qhov no, qhov kev thov yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas.
Tsis ntev los no, Cov Ntaub Ntawv Loj thiab AI Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab txhim kho cov txheej txheem MRP no vim tias lawv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov kev thov kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los txiav txim seb yam twg xav tau. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau kev thov ywj pheej.
Koj yuav tsum paub tias lawv muaj nyob ob hom kev thov, kev ywj pheej, vim nws yog qhov xav tau uas tsuas yog kev ua lag luam rau cov khoom lag luam tiav. Qhov no tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntau yam, piv txwv li, kev muag tsheb tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom uas txiav txim siab nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd los yuav tus qauv tshwj xeeb, kev lag luam, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov kev xav tau yog qhov yooj yim dua thiab tau hais qhia rau cov tuam txhab uas tsim cov khoom siv raw lossis cov khoom. Piv txwv li, yog tias muaj ntau lub tsheb raug muag, nws tau paub tias yuav muaj kev xav tau ntau dua rau cov hlau los ua rau lawv, uas tso cai rau lub hauv paus kom nce nws cov khoom kom tau raws li qhov xav tau.
MRP II
MRP I cov txheej txheem rov qab rau 60-70s, thiab tsis npog qee yam ntawm kev tsim khoom niaj hnub no. Tias yog vim li cas nws sawv kev hloov pauv hu ua MRP II hauv 80s. Ib qho qauv npaj ua ntau dua rau niaj hnub kev lag luam muaj peev xwm xam cov peev txheej tsim nyog, lub sijhawm thiab tseem suav nrog cov koom haum lag luam.
Hauv lwm lo lus, yog MRP Kuv tau teb cov lus nug ntau npaum li cas thiab thaum twg, MRP II kuj tseem tuaj yeem teb cov peev txheej twg. Thiab qhov no tso cai rau kev lag luam tuaj yeem ua tau txheeb xyuas teeb meem muaj peev xwm ntau lawm thiab muaj peev xwm daws tau lawv. Qhov no yuav tsis tsuas yog muab lub tuam txhab nrog qhov nws xav tau, nws tseem yuav tuaj yeem ua kom nws hloov tau zoo dua rau kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm.
MRP cov software
Tam sim no, lub software Muaj MRP, txawm hais tias yooj yim hu ua MRP, feem ntau hu ua MRP II tus qauv. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov haujlwm no yog:
- Oracle NetSuite, uas tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev daws teeb meem ERP.
- Katana MRP Cov, software ntse thiab pom kev rau kev tswj hwm cov peev txheej rau kev lag luam.
- Ntse IP & O, lub web-based MRP software kom khiav los ntawm ib qho khoom siv sib xws.
- Deltek Nqis, software tsom mus rau kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm, kev tsim khoom thiab cov tuam txhab nrhiav kev daws teeb meem ntse.
- ERPAG, lwm qhov software pib qhia rau ERP, tab sis qhov ntawd tuaj yeem muab qee qhov MRP kev ua haujlwm rau SMEs.
- OpenPro Enterprise Software, qhov qhib software rau ERP siab heev, nrog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau yam cuab yeej xws li kev tshaj tawm KPI lub sijhawm, CRM, HRMS, thiab lwm yam.
- Thiab ib qho ntev thiab lwm yam.
- MRP yooj yim, qhov yooj yim MRP txoj haujlwm uas tso cai rau koj los teb cov lus nug txog dab tsi yog tus nqi tsim khoom tam sim no thiab thaum twg qhov kev thov xaj yuav npaj tau. Zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tuam txhab ntawm 10 thiab 200 tus neeg ua haujlwm.
Hauv cov haujlwm no muaj cov npe uas dhau los ntawm tus txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov npe khoom lossis cov khoom siv xav tau, thiab cov xwm txheej tam sim no. Nrog rau qhov no, software yuav ua cov ntaub ntawv rau muab qee qhov txiaj ntsig nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig, xws li kev kwv yees cov khoom lag luam, tsim-rau-xaj sijhawm, thiab lwm yam ntawv ceeb toom.
Los ntawm txoj kev, uas program lossis npaj tswv yim npaj ntau lawm o PMP (ua lus Askiv MPS lossis Tus Txheej Txheem Ua Haujlwm Zoo), uas yog siv los ua tswv yim, nws yog ib txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab cov khoom kawg uas yuav tsum tau tsim thiab ua tiav lub sijhawm kom txaus siab rau cov neeg siv khoom xaj thiab kwv yees qhov kev thov uas yuav muaj.
Lwm lub tswvyim uas koj yuav tsum paub yog BOM (Cov Nqi Ntawm Cov Khoom), uas yog, cov npe khoom siv tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom kawg.
Qhov sib txawv nrog ERP
Raws li kuv tau hais hauv ntu dhau los, qee qhov haujlwm no yog tiag tiag ERP cov cuab yeej, thiab nws yog qhov ntau zaus ob lub ntsiab lus tuaj yeem tsis meej pem. Qhov tseeb, ERP ua qee qhov haujlwm ntawm MRP, yog li ntau qhov software uas twb muaj lawm tuaj yeem ua ob qho tib si hauv ib chav. Qee qhov sib txawv uas koj yuav tsum paub yog:
- MRP tsis siv lub hauv paus database zoo li ERP. MRP yog ua raws cov phiaj xwm tsim khoom, thaum ERP tau faib ua ob peb yam uas cuam tshuam nrog txhua lwm yam thiab txhua chav haujlwm muaj txhua cov ntaub ntawv tiav.
- MRP tshwm sim los ntawm kev paub ntawm ib lub tuam txhab, thaum ERP xav tau hloov kho kev tsim khoom ntawm lub tuam txhab kom nws tuaj yeem siv tau.
- ERP tau tsim los ntawm cov qauv tshwj xeeb lossis kev ua haujlwm, thaum MRP yog tus qauv qhib ntau dua. Vim li no, ERP yog qee yam tshwj xeeb rau qee yam haujlwm.
- MRP II kuj tseem tso cai simulation kwv yees kev xav tau yav tom ntej, qee yam ERP tsis ua.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm MRP
Zoo li txhua txoj hauv kev, MRP muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Ib yam dab tsi tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas ua ntej siv cov txheej txheem hauv kev lag luam.
Ntawm nws zoo Lawv yog:
- Cov khoom lag luam txo qis nrog kev txuag nyiaj txog 40% ntawm kev nqis peev.
- Nws tso cai txhim kho kev tsim khoom, kho tus nqi kom lawv muaj peev xwm ntau dua.
- Tus nqi muag qis txhais tau tias cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab ntau dua.
- Txhim kho kev tsim khoom thiab ua tau raws li qhov xav tau yuav txhais ua cov kev pabcuam zoo dua.
- Nws tso cai muab kev hloov pauv hloov tus qauv thiab hloov kho rau lub sijhawm tsim nyog.
- Paub zoo lub sijhawm ncua kom tuaj yeem nthuav tawm lawv.
lub tsis zoo lawv raug txo yog tias kev ua tiav nrog kev cog lus ua raws li MRP tus qauv thiab tsis muaj qhov ua yuam kev (thiab feem ntau yog, vim tias qhov ua tau zoo yog xav tau los ua haujlwm kom raug). Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov teeb meem feem ntau tshwm sim thaum MRP siv tsis raug thiab nws tsis nco qab tias MRP tsuas yog siv software thiab tsis koom nrog kev txiav txim siab.
Ua raws li MRP cov txheej txheem hauv tuam txhab tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim Thiab nws yuav tsum tau ua nrog ceev faj raws li kuv tau hais los saum no. Qee qhov kev ua yuam kev mus dhau los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug (tus nqi tiag tiag piv rau tus nqi theoretical), kev tswj hwm tsis zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua lag luam, kev kwv yees tsis zoo ntawm lub tuam txhab lub peev xwm tiag, tib neeg qhov tseem ceeb, tsis xav txog qhov teeb meem kev lag luam, thiab lwm yam. Txwv tsis pub, nws tuaj yeem zoo ib yam li ERP ...
Ib cov ntaub ntawv
