Rov qab siv daim ntawv

Nov yog tus qauv yooj yim thiab yuav luag txhua daim ntawv tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab.

Cov ntawv pom zoo tshaj yog:

• Cov foos tas mus li (Txaus tshaj vim tias lawv tiv taus vim tias lawv muaj cov ua ntev).
• Xim av ntawv tau siv los qhwv (tshwj tsis yog tias nws muaj qhov ntau ntawm cov ntoo fibers),
• Lub hnab ntawv thiab cov hnab ntawv.
• Daim ntawv twb luam tawm (txawm hais tias nws tsis yog xav kom siv ib qho uas ntau dhau [1])
• Cov ntawv xov xwm tuaj yeem siv tau rau ntim, muab nws nrog ua ke nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv.

Zam cov ntawv ci thiab cov ntawv ci, vim tias lawv yog tej zaum txheej nrog kaolin, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov hmoov av plua plav ntawm daim ntawv.

Tus Txawv:  

• Paj rwb khaub ncaws [2]
• Cov Zaub Fibers [3]

Cov Ntaub Ntawv:

• Ib rab
• Ncig ua si pwm [4]
• Cov ntawv xov xwm
• Pob Tsuas

Yog tias koj txaus siab rau qhov kev kawm, saib ntawm peb kab lus kom paub yuav ua li cas ua daim ntawv paj ntaub thiab Washi

Kev npaj ntawm lub pulp

Ua ntej tshem tawm cov nplaum kua nplaum, cov hlau khawm lossis txhua yam uas tuaj yeem dhau qhov khoom kawg lossis ua rau lub tais diav ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawv dua daim ntawv mus rau ntawm kwv yees li 3 cm2 thiab tsau lawv hauv dej thaum hmo ntuj (Yog tias lawv nyob ntev dua, daim ntawv yuav tsis so, tab sis nws yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob hauv ib lub lis piam ntau vim nws yuav kis tau tus ntxhiab tsw phem. )). Cov sijhawm so siv sijhawm tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm luv luv los ntawm cov dej npau npau rau ntawm daim ntawv thiab tawm mus rau ob peb xuab moos, lossis nws kuj tuaj yeem muab rhaub rau hauv ib lub taub loj loj hauv steel rau ib nrab ib teev. Tom qab ntawd liquefy daim ntawv ntub dej me ntsis los ntawm me ntsis. Pib nrog li ntawm 10-15 daim rau ib ¾ liter, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ntau npaum li cas daim ntawv koj tuaj yeem yooj yim sib xyaw ua ke hauv ib pob (Tsis txhob sib zog muab rab li nws yuav lwj thiab daim ntawv yuav tsis poob sib nrug). Muab kom txog thaum tsis muaj cov ntawv txiav tawm hauv lub sis plawv hniav, thiab nws muaj tus thiab du zoo li qub (Zam tsis txhob ntev ntev, vim tias cov kab ua luv luv thiab tsis tshua muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav yog).

Cia ntawm cov pulp ntxiv

Lub tshuab ua kua ntoo tuaj yeem khaws cia, tab sis yog tias nws khaws cia ntev ntev nws yuav pib muab qhov tsis hnov ​​tsw phem, yog li nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom huv ua ntej siv, yog tias cov pulp muaj zog heev, ntxiv me ntsis tshuaj (ua kom dawb ), nws yuav tawm sab hauv txog ib teev thiab tom qab ntawd cov npoo tawm. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv rot, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv ob peb tee ntawm formalin (los yog formaldehyde) rau txhua liv dej.

Nplooj tsim

Sau cov tub nrog lub qhov nruab nrab, thiaj li kom cov pwm thiab cov duab tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim, tab sis tsis pub tsawg dua 7 mus rau 8 cm hauv qab ntug, txwv tsis pub thaj chaw ua haujlwm yuav tawg thaum lub pwm pwm thiab cov pwm qhuav daim ntawv. Tom qab ntawd do cov pulp los ntawm txhais tes los yog co nws nrog txhuam. Ua kom qhov no sai sai, ua ntej lub pulp tswm tawm mus rau hauv qab ntawm tub. Tam sim ntawd tso cov duab los tso rau saum cov pwm, ntawm cov ntxaij kab. Tuav lawv kom khov thiab muab dej ntawm lawv sab ntawm sab nraud ntawm lub tub. Siv lub gentlest taw, qaij lub pwm kom txog rau thaum nws kab rov tav thiab kos nws mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tub kom txog thaum nws tau kiag li dej. Rub mus sau cov sis plawv hniav. Ua kom pwm nyob hauv txoj kab tav toj, muab nrawm nrawm dhau ib sab thiab sab nraub qaum. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej tag nrho cov dej tau nqus thiab cov pulp tau pib ua kom tawv. Qhov kev ua no yuav txawm tawm ntawm lub pulp thiab tawg ntawm cov fibers, tiv thaiv txhua tus ntawm kev teeb tsa hauv tib qho kev coj. Thaum kawg, tuav lub pwm thiab lub ntsej muag nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub tub me ntsis inclined kom ntws dej ntau dhau.

 Kom qhuav

Tawm hauv pwm rau ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, lawv yuav nqus cov dej noo los ntawm pwm, yog li nws yuav tsim nyog hloov lawv. Thaum koj tau nqus dej feem ntau los ntawm lub lauj kaub thiab daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv, nws yog kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws kom qaij lawv. Lawv tawv los tiv thaiv ib phab ntsa lossis ib daim ntawm cov rooj tog kom tiav kom qhuav, tab sis koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj tias lub sam thiaj qhuav kom txaus, txwv tsis pub nws tuaj yeem plam. Thaum daim ntawv qhuav tag, ua tib zoo ntxig rau daim ntawv npog nrog ib sab ntug los cais cov ntawv los ntawm cov pwm thiab ua tib zoo tshem tawm cov ntawv los ntawm mesh.

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LUS TEB:

[1] Tus number case tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm kev rhaub ntawm lub sam thiaj hauv ib qho kev tov uas muaj kwv yees li 2 diav tshuaj ntxuav rau txhua 4 liv dej.

[2] Kev lag luam paj rwb chamois tuaj yeem siv thaum cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau siv. Txo tus nqi qis, lawv tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv rov ua dua lossis zaub pulp thiab, hauv qhov no, ib kilo ntawm kev npaj yuav tsum muaj txaus tawm. Cov ntawv xov paj rwb ntau dua ntev dua li cov ntawv ua tiav, thiab lawv kuj nce lub zog ntawm cov ntawv xuas tes ua. Cov khoom zoo no ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom lag luam hauv cov zaub ntawv qab. Txhawm rau hloov cov paj rwb khaub ncaws mus rau hauv cov sis plawv hniav, tsuas yog txiav ib daim txog 15 cm2, ntuag nws rau hauv daim thiab liquefy hauv ¾ ntawm ib liter dej. Lub sam thiaj, uas yog tseg rau ob peb feeb kom nqus dej, nws npaj txhij siv.

[3] Sib sau txog 300 gram ntawm cov zaub ntsuab xws li nplooj tsawb, txiv puv luj, haus luam yeeb, lossis lwm yam thiab txiav nrog txiab txaij ua tej daim ntev li 2 centimeters. Xau dua rau ib nrab ntawm ib hnub (12 teev) thiab ntxiv txog 25 grams caustic sis dej qab zib, yav tas los yaj hauv dej txias. Nqa nws rov qab mus rau ib lub rhaub rau txog peb teev, nplawm txhua 20 feeb. Ntws thiab yaug zoo heev. Muab cov xyoob ntoo sib tov xyaw zaub tib yam li ntawv.   

[4] Cov pwm, cov duab thiab cov xovxwm: cov no yog ob qhov khoom uas yuav tsum tau ua hauv tsev lossis yuav hauv khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntawv xuas tes ua. Lwm feem ntawm cov khoom siv tau yooj yim muaj. Cov pwm thiab cov duab yog yooj yim cov duab plaub sib tw ntawm tib qhov loj me. Cov pwm muaj kab xev thoob nws thiab cov duab tsis muaj mesh. Ob leeg puav leej yog cov suab sib yooj yim. Txhawm rau tsim cov ntawv tiaj tus, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom nws nruj thaum nws dries. Ib qho xovxwm tuaj yeem kho tau yog siv ob nplooj ntawv ntawm Formica lossis ob daim ntoo ntoo nrog cov ntawv yas kom tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob ntub. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov xovxwm nws yuav tsim nyog tso cov khoom hnyav, uas koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom nteg tsev.

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COV LUS QHIA PIV TXWV

Txawm hais tias nyob rau yav dhau los, daim ntawv tau los ntawm lwm cov nroj tsuag (suav nrog hemp los ntawm qhov uas zoo cellulose yog rho tawm) feem ntau ntawm cov ntawv yog tsim los ntawm cov ntoo. Cov ntoo thiab cov hav zoov tiv thaiv txheej txheej hauv thooj av uas tsis huv thiab tswj kom muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov huab cua rau txhua hom ntawm lub neej. Txhawm rau tsim 1.000Kg ntawm cov ntawv sau, ib lub pas dej ntawm 100.000 liv dej yog tsim nyog. Hauv ntiaj teb, kev lag luam noj ib ncig ntawm 4 billion ntoo txhua xyoo, feem ntau yog ntoo thuv thiab eucalyptus. Niaj hnub nimno pulp kev siv siv hom tshwj xeeb heev ntawm cov ntoo no. Kev noj cov ntawv thiab cardboard hauv Argentina ncav 000kg rau ib tus neeg hauv ib xyoos; hauv Tebchaws Meskas, 42kg rau ib tus neeg hauv ib xyoos, thiab hauv Suav thiab Is Nrias teb 300kg rau ib tus neeg hauv ib xyoo.

Cov ntawv pov tseg tuaj yeem muab pov tseg thiab rov ua dua tshiab ntau zaus. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog txhua lub voj voog, 15 txog 20 feem pua ​​ntawm cov fibers ua tau me me heev siv. Daim ntawv kev lag luam rov tsim nws cov khib nyiab thiab tias nws sau los ntawm lwm cov tuam txhab, xws li ntim chaw tsim tshuaj paus thiab luam ntawv.

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SOURCES: 1 2 3 4

Muaj cov ntawv ua txheej txheem

Niaj hnub no peb xav coj lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev lag luam ntawv ntau lawm.

Kev ua haujlwm cog Botnia

Lawv tawm tswv yim hais txog kev coj mus ua khoom pov tseg, txawm hais tias raws li kuv nkag siab cov ntawv tsim cov ntawv pov thawj lawv muaj kuab paug heev vim yog lawv cov tshuaj ua kom dawb.

Tshawb Fawb Channel Ua Ntej

Daim vis dis aus no tau muaj ntau dua kev coj ua thiab qhia peb txhua yam ntawm txhua tus neeg tau sib tham hauv daim vis dis aus yav dhau los yog zoo li cas tiag. Raws li ib txwm, cov Discovery yeeb yaj kiab tau zoo heev.

55.000 daim ib feeb ...

Yog koj paub zoo txuas ntawm ntawv ntau lawm tsis txhob yig muab nws rau peb.