Kodi Makhalidwe Abwino ndiabwino chiyani?

Kuyambira zaka zambiri ndili wachinyamata ndidalimbikitsidwa Makhalidwe a Amador wolemba Fernando Savater, Ndili ndi zofooka zina pamabuku omwe amafotokoza zamakhalidwe. Ndimapeza zovuta za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku zomwe nthawi zambiri timakumana nazo zosokoneza kwambiri.

M'buku lino (ugule), bukuli likufotokoza kwambiri za makhalidwe abwino, mmene limagwiritsidwira ntchito pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka kufunafuna chimwemwe.

Adela Cortina ndi pulofesa wa zamakhalidwe ndi ndale ku University of Valencia komanso membala wa Royal Academy of Moral and Political Science. Ndipo bukuli ndilofunika.

Kuyesa kuwonetsetsa kuti chilungamo chachitika kwa aliyense ndichofunikira kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito demokalase, nzika sizingafunsidwe kuti zizikhala ndi chidwi chotsutsana pagulu, kutenga nawo mbali pagulu, ngati gulu lawo silisamala kuwapatsa mwayi wabwino khalani ndi ulemu. Ili ndi bajeti yoyambira yomwe singaperekedwenso kukambirana, chomwe chikuyenera kukambirana ndi momwe tingakwaniritsire zocheperako, poganizira njira zomwe zilipo.

Kuwonetsa zowunikira zonse, malingaliro onse omwe bukuli limadzutsa komanso malingaliro onse omwe akukambidwa ndizosatheka. Komanso kukonza ndemanga ndi mafotokozedwe omwe akuwonetsedwa. Ndikuyenera kuti ndimupatse kuwerenga kwina 2 kapena 3, kusinkhasinkha ndikukhazikitsa malingaliro ndi malingaliro ambiri ndikuganiza zomwe akunena. Pakadali pano ndikusiyirani zolemba zosangalatsa kuchokera m'bukuli ndi mndandanda wake waukulu, ulusi wamba womwe ungatipangitse kuwunikanso.

Mudzakondanso kuchokera kwa wolemba yemweyo Makhalidwe a Cosmopolitan.

Bukuli limayamba poteteza machitidwe ngati zida zamagawo "achilendo". Ethics ngati njira yochepetsera ndalama ndi kuvutika. Ndili ndi masomphenya m'malingaliro mwanga ndipo mwatsoka sindingakwanitse, milandu yomwe yawonetsedwa pano siyigwiritsidwanso ntchito.

… Kukhulupirika ndiko kufanana pakati pa ziganizo ndi magwiridwe antchito. Khalidwe lomwe lingagawidwe mosakaika. Umphumphu - akupitiliza - ndikofunikira kuti ubale pakati pa anthu ukhale wogwira mtima, chifukwa chinyengo chimasokoneza uthenga womwe timatumiza, kumayambitsa chifunga ndipo sitikudziwa zomwe tikukambirana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu amayamikira umphumphu, chifukwa zimapangitsa ubale pakati pa anthu kuwonekera poyera komanso moyenera. Kuyankhulana - akutsimikizira - ndikosavuta komanso kotchipa pagulu la amuna owona kuposa m'modzi wabodza.

Ndipo akunena zowona. Zimatopetsa kutanthauzira nthawi zonse theka la anthu wamba, poganiza kuti zomwe akunena ndizabodza ndipo ayenera kumangapo malo achilendo. Koma zomwezi zimachitikanso ndi kulumikizana kudzera ma netiweki, mabodza, kusokonekera, miseche imapangitsa kuwonongeka kosaneneka.

Ntchito

Ntchito iyenera kutanthauza kudzipereka, lero sindikuwona zina mwa izo, kusasamala ndi komwe kumalamulira monga gawo wamba m'magulu osiyanasiyana ndi akatswiri. Anthu omwe amapita kuntchito ndipo satengeka, anthu osasamala kanthu kalikonse kuposa kupeza yankho kapena kudzipindulitsa okha.

Aliyense amene achita ntchito yodzipereka kuti apereke maderawo, ayenera kukonzekera chifukwa chopeza luso, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amalowa pagulu la akatswiri omwe ali ndi cholinga chofanana.

Luso limodzi ndi maphunziro ndichinthu chofunikira, nzika ziyenera kuphunzitsidwa, osati akatswiri okha.

Funso silakuti, m'masukulu ndi mayunivesite kuti muphunzitse akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito okha omwe amatha kupikisana ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira pamisika, zilizonse zomwe angakhale, koma kuti aphunzitse nzika zabwino komanso akatswiri, omwe amadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito maluso kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo, omwe amatenga mbali pazinthuzo ndi zotsatirapo za zomwe achite ndi cholinga chokwaniritsa zolinga zawo.

Kupambana

Timabwereranso ku kupambana. Nkhani yomwe imayamba kundiyang'ana kuyambira pomwe ndimawerenga Manifesto motsutsana ndi imfa ya mzimu ndipo zimayamba kuchitika mobwerezabwereza muzonse zomwe ndawerenga. Kufunafuna zabwino m'moyo wathu. Ndikosavuta kuti ndipeze zonena za kuchita bwino tsopano chifukwa ndayang'anitsitsa, popeza ndidawerenga nkhaniyo pa bourgeoisie. Monga ndikunenera kuti ndizotheka, koma paliponse ndikuwona kuti kusowa kwa kuchita bwino komanso kufunikira kwake kukuwunikiridwa, koma sindingapeze kulikonse, ngakhale ndikuzifuna, muzogulitsa ndi ntchito, kuchokera pamapangidwe a buku ku sitolo.

Koma monga m'midzi ya Homeric kunali kofunika kudziyika pamwamba pa avareji, chinsinsi cha kupambana m'magulu a demokalase chimakhala kupikisana ndi wekha, osagwirizana, poyesera kupeza zabwino zonse zomwe munthu angathe tsiku lililonse, zomwe zimafuna khama , chomwe ndi gawo losapeŵeka pa ntchito iliyonse yofunikira.

Bukuli limatanthauzira bwino momwe zimamvekera kuchokera ku Greece wakale komanso momwe tiyenera kuziwonera munthawi ino, kuwonjezera pakuwunika masomphenya osiyanasiyana pamaphunziro ophunzitsira ophunzira kutengera luso kapena ayi.

Pamapeto pake, gulu lolungama silimamangidwa ndi nzika zapakatikati, komanso njira yolankhulirana siyabwino kwambiri yomwe ingaperekedwe kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino. Kusokoneza "demokalase" ndi "maulamuliro" ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yotsimikizirira kulephera kwathunthu kwa gulu lililonse lomwe likunena kuti ndi la demokalase. Ndicho chifukwa chake maphunziro omwe sagwirizane ndi ena sayenera kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa anthu osaphunzitsika, koma kuphatikiza kupambana konse.

Tiyenera kudzipezera phindu la zinthuzo.

La felicidad

Ndimakonda mutu womaliza komanso kuwunikiridwa komwe kumapereka chisangalalo, chomwe chiri komanso momwe mungakwaniritsire komanso momwe chisangalalo chasokonezedwera ndi moyo wabwino m'nthawi yathu ino.

Mtolankhani wachidwi nthawi zambiri amafunsa panthawi yofunsidwa.

"Pokulungamitsa chilungamo ndi chisangalalo", ndiye yankho lomwe, mwa lingaliro langa, limakhala lolondola kwambiri mawuwo akayesedwa monganso omwe angafalitsidwe munyuzipepala.

Tasokoneza tanthauzo la chisangalalo, timachiona ngati cholinga motero sitisangalala nacho.

... ndiko kutha kwa moyo waumunthu, cholinga chomwe anthu onse akufuna kukwaniritsa ndi chilichonse cha zochita zawo. Osati cholinga chomwe chili kumapeto kwa moyo, ngati kuti ndiye malo omaliza a sitima, koma chomwe chimatsatiridwa muzochita zonse zomwe timachita, chisankho chilichonse chomwe timapanga, posankha chilichonse, ndikuwongolera, tanthauzo .

Kusaka chisangalalo kuyenera kukhala pazochitika zilizonse ndi zisankho zonse zomwe timapanga. Chaputala chonsechi akuwonetsanso kufunikira kwa mwayi pokhudzana ndi kukhala wachimwemwe. Chimwemwe ndi mkhalidwe, kamvekedwe kofunikira komwe timafikira ndikuti tiyenera kusangalala nako.

Ndipo chifukwa chofunidwa ndimachitidwe osiyanasiyana, sichinthu chanthawi yochepa, chokhazikika kwakanthawi kochepa, ngakhale maola ochepa kapena masiku angapo. Kumva kukhutira ndikukhutira kwakanthawi kumakhala kwanzeru, wina akachita zomwe adafuna kapena atalandira uthenga wabwino kapena mphatso yabwino. Koma kukhala wachimwemwe ndichinthu china, kumakhudzana ndi mapulojekiti ndi malingaliro omwe amabwera pakadali pano, kaya ndi aufupi kapena aatali, m'moyo wanu. `` Ntchito ndi zolinga zomwe mosakayikira zitha kukonzedwa ndikusinthidwa malinga ndi zokumana nazo, koma zomwe sizimangokhala zabwino, kukhala bwino.

Chimwemwe chimapemphedwa kupitiriza, ndi njira yokhalira, osati njira yongokhala. Mukusangalala, mukufuna kukhala osangalala, simukusangalala, pomwe muli athanzi kapena odwala, okhumudwa kapena osangalala. Chimwemwe chimakhudzana ndi kukhazikika kwakamvekedwe kofunikira.

Mukusangalala, simukusangalala. Mawuwa ayenera kulembedwa pamoto pamphumi pathu.

Poyang'anizana ndi tanthauzo la moyo mokwanira, moyo woyenera kukhala ndi moyo, chisangalalo chimadziwika ndi nthawi yocheperako, koma yochulukirapo, yomwe ndi moyo wabwino. Kukhala bwino kumatengera zokumana nazo zosangalatsa, kukhala omasuka ndi inu nokha ndi ena, ndi chilengedwe chomwe chatizungulira komanso tsogolo labwino, ngakhale koposa zonse zikukhudzana ndi pano. Ndi mphatso yomwe tingakhale nayo kwamuyaya, ikakhala yabwino.

Chimwemwe, kumvetsetsa komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino, chingaphatikizepo kupeza zinthu zabwino kwambiri, kusangalala ndi moyo wosangalatsa. Ndipo ndipamene zimayamba kukayikitsa kuti chisangalalo, chomvetsetsa mwanjira imeneyi, chingapatse malo chilungamo.

Kukhala wathanzi kwalumikizidwa kale ndi kuthekera kokadya. Takhazikitsa magulu ogula. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pamachitidwe achikhalidwe.

Ndicho chifukwa chake m'madera olemera mulibe zokwanira, chifukwa opanga amapanga zilakolako zosadziwika, ndikuwongolera zomwe anthu akufuna.

Mtundu womwe tidapanga sutha kupiririka, mphamvu zakugwiritsa ntchito ndikupanga zitha posachedwa ndipo tikuwononga zida zathu

Mutha kutsutsa chilichonse chomwe mukufuna. Koma ngati kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi injini yopanga, ndipo ngati nzika zikuyenera kukhala ndi malingaliro ogula anthu kuti agwire ntchito, zinthu sizingakonzeke. Chimwemwe chimachepetsedwa kukhala moyo wabwino komanso kuti kukhala bwino kumadziwika ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito.

Chofunika kwambiri

Izi sizikutanthauza m'buku koma zomaliza

Moyo wathunthu sukwaniritsidwa ndikulimbirana pazambiri, koma posaka zinthu zakuthupi zokwanira kuchita zinthu zomwe zili zofunikira mwa iwo okha. Prudence akuwonetsa kuti ntchito ya moyo wabwino iyenera kupitilira ntchito yopeza katundu wambiri. Ndipo zikuwonetsanso kuti moyo wabwino ndi womwe ungasungidwe ndi moyo wabwino; moyo wanzeru, wokonzeka kuyika chuma chomwe sichili m'gawo lodyedwa kwamuyaya, koma ku gawo la chisangalalo chokhazikika. Izi zikuphatikiza kusangalala ndi maubale ndi anthu, masewera olimbitsa thupi, masewera, kulumikizana ndi chilengedwe, ntchito yopindulitsa, ndi zikhalidwe, monga kuwerenga, kumvera nyimbo, kupita kumakalasi, makalasi ndi misonkhano. Ndizochita zamtundu wina zomwe msika sungafune chinthu, kapena umangokhala ndi mwayi wawo.

Kufunika kwa chisamaliro, mgwirizano, ulemu, chifundo, chilungamo, ukoma, ufulu, ndale, zamakhalidwe, ndi mwayi wofunikira kukhala osangalala. Ndasiya malingaliro ambiri okhudzana ndi zamakhalidwe, chisangalalo komanso moyo wabwino. Palinso zokambirana za ine ndikuganiza kuti ngati muli ndi chidwi pang'ono ndi zomwe mwawona mu ndemanga iyi, mukonda bukuli.

Mutha kuganiza kuti ndi zonse zomwe ndanena komanso zomwe ndanena, simufunikiranso kuwerenga bukuli, koma ndikukutsimikizirani kuti ayi. Ndatenga kuchokera ku laibulale koma ndikupita kuti ndikagule kuti ndiziwerenganso, kuzilemba ndikusangalala nazo bwino. Kwa ena chikhala chofunikira kwambiri pamakhalidwe koma kwa iwo omwe angalowe m'dziko lino, chitha kukhala chiyambi chosangalatsa.

Ngati mukufuna mungathe gulani pa Amazon kuchokera pa ulalowu

Werengani, zidzakupangitsani kulingalira za zinthu zambiri zomwe zikadaphunzitsidwa kwa ife kusukulu kapena zomwe ziyenera kutipangitsa kuziganizira. Zowonadi dziko likadakhala bwinoko pang'ono.