Chiyambi cha Guido Tonelli

Ndikufotokozera kosinthidwa kwa 2021 kwa chidziwitso chonse cha momwe chilengedwe chinapangidwira.

Wolemba amatitsogolera ku chilichonse chomwe tikudziwa ponena za kupangidwa kwa chilengedwe chathu. Kuzilekanitsa m’machaputala 7, masitepe 7 okhala ndi zochitika zofunika kwambiri pakupanga chilengedwe chogwirizana ndi masiku 7 a kupangidwa kwa Chilengedwe cha Chipembedzo Chachikristu. Ngakhale kuti mituyo sagwirizana ndi tsiku lililonse, lembalo limalekanitsa.

Ndikufuna kuwerenga kachiwiri kuti ndikhazikitse malingaliro ndikutulutsa malingaliro. Ndi buku lofunikira mu laibulale ya aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi ndi zakuthambo, cosmology ndi sayansi yotchuka.

Ndizosatheka kuti ndilembe mfundo zonse zosangalatsa ndi malingaliro. Chifukwa ndiyenera kutaya bukulo. Moti powerenganso ndipatule mitu kuti tizama.

M’zaka 20 kapena 30 tidzawerenganso bukuli ndi kuona mmene chidziwitso chathu cha chiyambi cha chilengedwe chasinthira. Ndipo ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuti titha kutsata momwe tikuwonetsera komanso kudziwa momwe zimagwirira ntchito.

Mukulankhula za chiyani

Kuchokera pakusowa, kusamvetsetseka lero ndi kusiyana kwake ndi kanthu. Chopanda si kanthu. Mpweya wopanda kanthu chilengedwe chathu chisanalengedwe chinali msuzi wa tinthu tating'ono tomwe timadzaza ndi mphamvu.

Kudutsa kufotokoza za nthano zoyambira zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatikumbutsa momwe chilengedwe chimagwirira ntchito. Mutu uwu wa nthano zoyambira ndichinthu chomwe chimandisangalatsa kwambiri ndipo ndikupitilizabe kukula.

Kuchokera ku Big Bang Theory timapita ku cosmic inflation. Chiphunzitso cha Inflationary chikambidwabe kwambiri pakati pa asayansi ambiri, ngakhale kuti pakali pano ikuwoneka kuti ndiyo yomwe ikugwirizana bwino ndi kufotokoza chilengedwe chathu ndi mfundo ya chilengedwe, ikufotokozera kufananiza kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe chonse.

Imakamba za kupezeka kwa Higgs boson, kufunika kwake, malamulo a chilengedwe, mapangidwe a milalang'amba, Solar System, Dziko Lapansi, tsogolo ndi zonse zomwe zapezedwa posachedwapa.

Tikudziwa zomwe zachitika m'chilengedwe kuyambira masekondi 10⁻³⁵ chiyambireni chilengedwe chake.

Tapenda kale mabuku angapo okamba za kupangidwa kwa chilengedwe, mapulaneti a dzuwa, Dziko lapansi ndi Mwezi, . Koma osati chilichonse monga mwatsatanetsatane kapena zamakono.

Buku lina limene mungalikonde ndithu ndi Nkhani yokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi, adawunikiridwanso pa blog.

Ndikufuna kuzindikira kuti ngati Katswiri wa nthaka akuvutika panali ziphunzitso zitatu zokhudza kupangidwa kwa mwezi, kuyankha kuti chovomerezeka kwambiri ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu. Guido Tonelli, akutsimikizira kuti chiphunzitsochi ndi cholondola

The Higgs Boson.

Chiyambireni kupezeka kwake, kupangidwa kwa chilengedwe kwakhala koonekeratu kuyambira gawo limodzi mwa magawo mabiliyoni a sekondi pambuyo pa Big Bang.

Ndi kukula, chilengedwe chimazizira ndipo pamene chimagwera pansi pa kutentha kwina, ma Higgs bosons amaundana ndi crystalline.

Munda wa Higgs womwe umaphwanya symmetry yoyambirira ya chilengedwe kuti ikhale yokhazikika pogwira tinthu tambirimbiri ndikusiya mafotoni aulere.

Pa masekondi 10⁻¹¹ kuyanjana kwa ma elekitiromagineti kumapatukana ndi kufooka.

malamulo 4

Amakhulupirira kuti Chilengedwe chisanapangidwe panali mphamvu imodzi yokha, kapena lamulo lalikulu logwirizanitsa ndi kuti pamene thambo likukulirakulira ndi kuzizira takhala tikuwona zotsatira za aliyense wa iwo payekha.

Chilengedwe chimayang'aniridwa ndi malamulo 4 odziwika

1. lamulo lamphamvu la nyukiliya
2. malamulo ofooka a nyukiliya
3. lamulo la electromagnetic
4. lamulo la mphamvu yokoka

Pamene akupereka ndemanga pa ndime iyi ndikutsindika m'buku lonse:

Dziko lonse lapansi lomwe tikukhalamo limagwiridwa ndi mphamvu zomwe titha kuziyika mochepa kwambiri. Choyamba pa mndandanda ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ya nyukiliya, yomwe imagwirizanitsa quarks pamodzi kupanga ma protoni ndi manyutroni ndikupanga nawo ma nuclei a zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mphamvu yofooka imakhala yamanyazi kwambiri ndipo motsimikiza imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Imagwira pamatali amtundu wa nyukiliya ndipo nthawi zambiri simakhala pakati. Imawonekera pakuwola kowoneka ngati kocheperako, koma ndikofunikira pakusintha kwachilengedwe. Mphamvu yamagetsi imagwira maatomu ndi mamolekyu palimodzi ndikuwongolera kufalikira kwa kuwala ndi malamulo ake. Mphamvu yokoka ndi yofooka kwambiri, ngakhale ili yotchuka kwambiri kuposa ena. Zimagwira ntchito nthawi iliyonse pamene pali misa kapena mphamvu ndipo zimalowa m'chilengedwe chonse, ndikuyendetsa kayendedwe ka asteroids ang'onoang'ono mu dongosolo la dzuwa kupita kumagulu akuluakulu a milalang'amba.

Zithunzi zojambula

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Zambiri zamabuku

• Mutu: Genesis. Nkhani yaikulu ya kulengedwa kwa chilengedwe
• Author: Guido Tonelli
• Kutanthauzira: Charles Gumpert.
• Zokambirana: Ariel

Guido Tonelli ndi physicist ku CERN ndi Pulofesa wa Physics ku yunivesite ya Pisa. Wopambana pa Mphotho Yopambana mu Fundamental Physics ndi Mphotho ya Enrico Fermi ya Italy Physical Society, anali m'modzi mwa omwe adatsogolera Higgs boson.