Ndemanga ndi zolemba za Nkhani yokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi

Unikaninso nkhani yokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi

Nkhani yokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zinsinsi za Origins Zathu lolemba Hubert Reeves, Joël de Rosnay, Yves Coppens ndi Dominique Simonnet. momasuliridwa ndi Óscar Luis Molina.

Monga akunenera m’mawu ofotokozerawo, ndi nkhani yokongola kwambiri padziko lonse chifukwa ndi yathu.

Mawonekedwe ake

Mawonekedwe a "essay" ndimakonda. Imagawidwa m'magawo atatu, opangidwa ndi zoyankhulana za 3 ndi mtolankhani Dominique Simonnet ndi katswiri mdera lililonse.

Gawo loyamba ndi kuyankhulana ndi katswiri wa zakuthambo Hubert Reeves kuyambira pachiyambi cha chilengedwe mpaka moyo ukuwonekera Padziko Lapansi.

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M’gawo lachiŵiri, katswiri wa zamoyo Joël de Rosnay akufunsidwa kuchokera pamene moyo unayamba kukhala padziko lapansi kufikira pamene makolo oyambirira a anthu anawonekera.

Pomaliza, mu gawo lachitatu, katswiri wodziwa zakale Yves Coppens akufunsidwa za nthawi yapakati pa kuwonekera kwa okwera koyamba amunthu mpaka lero.

Zoyankhulana sizikhala zaukadaulo kwambiri, kufunsa mafunso omwe aliyense amakhala nawo ndikuumirira kuti awafotokozere m'njira yofikirika.

Chokhacho chomwe ndikuphonya ndichakuti bukuli lidachokera ku 1997 ndipo malingaliro ambiri omwe adapangidwa pano adasinthidwa. Chitsanzo chomveka bwino chikuwoneka ndi mapangidwe a chilengedwe. Maonekedwe a Higgs boson asintha zonse ndipo lero tikudziwa zambiri kuposa zaka 30 zapitazo.

Komabe bukuli limayala maziko ndikumveketsa mfundo zasayansi zomwe aliyense ayenera kukhala nazo. Kuyambira momwe chilengedwe chinapangidwira, momwe chilengedwe chimagwirira ntchito, momwe moyo unayambira padziko lapansi ndi momwe wakhala ukusinthira, kutha mwa munthu ndipo zikutanthauza chiyani kuti ndife "achibale a nyani"

Monga nthawi zonse, ndimasiya zolemba zosangalatsa ndi malingaliro omwe ndabwera nawo. Ndi buku lothyola ndi kufufuza mutu uliwonse womwe wafunsidwa. Chinachake chomwe ndikufuna kuchita pakapita nthawi.

Kulengedwa kwa chilengedwe

Pambuyo powerenga mutuwu, zingakhale bwino kuwerenga Genesis ndi Guido Tonelli, kuti awerenge zimene atulukira posachedwapa zokhudza mmene chilengedwe chinayambira komanso mmene chinalengedwera. Kuphatikiza ndi zodabwitsa kwenikweni.

Lingaliro lolakwika la Big Bang ngati kuphulika kwa misa ndi mphamvu zonse zokhazikika pamfundo yomwe ikuphulika. Iye akuchilongosola kukhala kuphulika pa malo aliwonse a mlengalenga.

Dzina la Big Bang limachokera kwa Fred Hoyle, katswiri wa zakuthambo wa ku England, yemwe adateteza chitsanzo cha static chilengedwe ndipo poyankhulana kuti ayese kufotokoza chiphunzitsocho, adachitcha kuti Big Bang, ndipo ndi dzina lomwelo wakhalapo.

Chiyambi cha moyo

Moyo sunawonekere m'nyanja, mwinamwake unayambira m'madzi ndi m'madambo, kumene kunali quartz ndi dongo, kumene maunyolo a mamolekyu anatsekeredwa ndipo kumeneko amayanjana wina ndi mzake. Mwanjira imeneyi, maziko omwe DNA amatha kupangidwa amawonekera.

Dongo limakhala ngati maginito ang'onoang'ono, omwe amakopa ma ions a zinthu ndikuwapangitsa kuti agwirizane.

Mapuloteni amapangidwa, opangidwa ndi ma amino acid omwe amasonkhana pamodzi, kupanga mpira pawokha. ndipo uku ndikusintha. Ndi ma globules ofanana ndi madontho a mafuta ndipo ndi mawonekedwe oyambirira omwe amakhalapo. Kutsekedwa kokha, kumasiyanitsa pakati pa mkati ndi kunja. Ndipo mitundu iŵiri ya ma globules imapangidwa, ija imene imatchera zinthu zina, kuiphwanya ndi kuiphatikiza pamodzi, ndipo imene ili ndi ma pigment, imatenga ma photon kuchokera ku dzuŵa ndipo ili ngati maselo ang’onoang’ono adzuŵa. Sadalira kuyamwa zinthu zakunja.

Itha kupangidwanso mu labotale

Stanley Miller, wasayansi wachinyamata wazaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu mu 1952 adatengera nyanja, ndikudzaza chidebecho ndi madzi. Anatenthetsa msonkhano kuti apereke mphamvu ndipo adayambitsa zowala (m'malo mwa mphezi). Anabwereza izi kwa sabata. Pansi pa chidebecho panali chinthu chofiira ngati lalanje. Zinaphatikizapo ma amino acid, zomangira za moyo!

Chiyambi cha munthu

Imakamba za chiyambi cha luso, chikhalidwe ndi maganizo olakwika omwe tili nawo okhudza Neanderthals. Kuti anali anzeru, kuti analenga luso.

Imatsata kulekanitsa pakati pa anyani, gorila, ndi zina zotero ndi ma homo sapiens mwa njira ya geological, kugwa kwa Rift Valley, komwe kumapangitsa kuti m'mphepete mwake mukwere ndikupanga khoma. Cholakwika, chimphona chochokera ku East Africa kupita ku Nyanja Yofiira ndi Yordani, chimathera ku Mediterranean, pafupifupi makilomita 6.000 ndi makilomita 4.000 m'nyanja ya Tanganyika.

Kumbali imodzi, kumadzulo, mvula ikupitiriza kugwa, zamoyozo zimapitirizabe moyo wawo wanthawi zonse, ndi anyani amakono, gorilla ndi chimpanzi. Kumbali ina, kum’maŵa, nkhalangoyo imabwerera m’mbuyo n’kukhala chigawo chouma, ndipo chilala chimenechi n’chimene chimakankhira chisinthiko kuti chipange munthu asanakhalepo munthu kenako anthu.

Kuyimirira, kudyetsa omnivorous, kukula kwa ubongo, kupanga zida, ndi zina zotero, zonse, amalingalira, zingakhale chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo youma.

Malingaliro mu epilogue

mbiri ya kubadwa kwa chilengedwe, moyo ndi munthu

Chisinthiko chikupitirirabe, ndithudi. Koma tsopano ndi pamwamba pa luso ndi chikhalidwe. Chikhalidwe chatenga malo.

Pambuyo pa magawo a cosmic, mankhwala ndi zamoyo, tikutsegula mchitidwe wachinayi, womwe udzayimire umunthu m'zaka chikwi zikubwerazi. Timapeza chidziwitso chambiri cha ife tokha.

Chifukwa chiyani izi zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi komanso moyipa kwambiri pa anthu? Kodi chilengedwe chafika "pamlingo wosakwanira" pochita zovuta mpaka pano? Kumeneko kungakhale, ndikulingalira, kutanthauzira kozikidwa kokha pa zotsatira za kusankhidwa kwa chilengedwe kuchokera ku lingaliro la Darwin. Koma ngati, kumbali ina, chimodzi cha zinthu zofunika za chisinthiko chinali maonekedwe a munthu waufulu, kodi ife tikulipira mtengo wa ufulu umenewo? Sewero la zakuthambo likhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule m'masentensi atatu: chilengedwe chimabala zovuta; zovuta zimabala luso; Kuchita bwino kumatha kuwononga zovuta.

Zolemba zina

Nkhani yokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zinsinsi za chiyambi chathu

Wotchi ya Voltaire: kukhalapo kwake kunatsimikizira, malinga ndi iye, kukhalapo kwa wotchi.
Chifukwa chiyani pali chinachake m'malo mopanda kanthu? Leibniz anadabwa. Koma ndi funso lanzeru chabe, sayansi silingathe kuliyankha.
Kodi pali "cholinga" m'chilengedwe? siliri funso lasayansi koma lanthanthi ndi lachipembedzo. Ineyo pandekha, ndimakonda kuyankha kuti inde. Koma cholinga ichi chili ndi mawonekedwe otani, cholinga chake ndi chiyani?