Plasma akacheka
Una Plasma cutter Iwo muchina kana chishandiso chinokwanisa kucheka simbi zvikamu zvemarudzi ese pane tembiricha yakakwira iyo inogona kusvika inopfuura 20.000ºC. Makiyi ekucheka simbi zviri nyore, kunyangwe iwo mukobvu wakakwirira, neiyi nzira ndeyeiyo yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha, zvimiro zveplasma (iyo mamiriro kune iyo gasi inounzwa nemagetsi arc), uye polarization.
Mune iyo plasma mamiriro, iro gasi rinova rinoitisa yemagetsi kuve ionized. Kana ikapfuudzwa nepombi yakanaka kwazvo yetochi, inogona kutungamirwa chaizvo kwaunoda kucheka. Mune mamwe mazwi, nekuda kweye tembiricha yakakwira (inogadzirwa neakananga arc magetsi arc) uye nekuisa simba kuinetic simba yeiyi gasi, inogona kutemwa zviri nyore nemazvo chaizvo.
Ziva kuti kune ma electrode anoshandisa a Polarization pakati petochi kana tochi nechidimbu chinofanira kutemwa. Sezvo iwo ari pakatarisana nematanda, maatomu egasi anoshandiswa se "projectile" kune imwe nzira yakanangana nesimbi yepamusoro, kugona kupfuura nayo. Chinhu chakanaka ndechekuti chero gasi rinogona kushandiswa, kunyangwe chiri chokwadi kuti harifanirwe kunge riine gasi rinoshanda pamwe nerudzi rwesimbi iri kutemwa ...
Mukuwedzera kune kukwanisa kusarudza chero gasi, imwe mukana ndeyekuti micheto yakatemwa haizodi kurapwa kunotevera kugadzirisa kusakwana kwakagadzirwa panguva yekucheka, uye hapana njodzi yekuti chidimbu chicharemara nekupisa kana uchichiisa munzvimbo yakatarwa (kusiyana neiyo oxyfuel, iyo inopisa nzvimbo yakakura).
Chii chinonzi plasma
Plasma ndiyo yechina nyika kuunganidza Yenyaya, sezvo pamusoro pezvakakosha mamiriro enyaya (yakasimba, mvura uye gasi), kune zvakawanda. Muchokwadi, hazviwanzo kuti hazvizivikanwe sevatatu vakakurumbira, nekuti ndiyo yakawanda kwazvo mamiriro muchadenga.
Kana iwe uchirangarira izvo zvandakataura muchikamu chekare pamusoro pekuparadzanisa kutungamira iyo jet yeplasma, zvine musoro kana iwe uchiziva kuti plasma inyika yakafanana negasi, asi pane izvo zvikamu magetsi emagetsi (iwo maion), uye vachishandisa matanda anogona kuve majeti emaatomu / mamorekuru kwese kwaunoda, zvakafanana nemafambiro anoita maerekitironi kuburikidza nekondakita. Zvichida nenzira iyi iwe unonzwisisa iyo yekucheka maitiro zvirinani ...
Kuti ionize, kana chinja gasi kuva plasma, iwe unofanirwa kupisa iyo gasi kana kuisa yakasimba magineti minda uchishandisa laser kana microwave jenareta. Panyaya yekucheka plasma, chinoshandiswa arc yemagetsi kuipisa, uye ndosaka gasi ionized ichishandurwa kuita plasma.
Ndisati ndaenderera, ndinoda kutsanangura kuti a Magetsi arc chinhu chinoitika chatinoona muchisikirwo, semheni. Asi iwe unenge wazvionawo mune mamwe magajeti akadai semabhora eplasma, kana kana iwe uri wemagetsi unoziva zvinoitika mu capacitor kana dielectric ikatyoka ... musiyano unokwanisika unokwira zvakanyanya uye, kunyangwe iwo asiri ekutaurirana uye akaparadzaniswa nemhepo (yakanaka kwazvo insulator), mweya unoguma "uchityora", uchigadzira danda rinoenda kubva kune imwe electrode kuenda kune imwe. Mumadutu chimwe chinhu chakafanana chinoitika pakati pemakore asina chaji uye nenyika yakanaka. Kunyangwe makore nenyika zvichipatsanurwa nechuru hombe chemhepo inodzivirira, mheni inosvetuka kubva panzvimbo ichibva kune imwe ...
Izvo zvakati, unogona kunge uchishamisika chii chinonzi ionZvakanaka, inogona kuve atomu kana mamorekuru echinhu chero chipi zvacho kana chemubatanidzwa chine huwandu hwemagetsi hwachinjwa. Rangarira kuti maatomu kana mamorekuru anowanzo kuve mune yemagetsi mamiriro eiyo equilibrium, iine huwandu hwakaenzana hwezvakanaka (proton) uye zvisina kunaka (elektroni) mhosva, kuwedzera kune kwazvakarerekera (neutron).
Nekudaro, kana atomu kana mamorekuru akaiswa ionized uye ane akawandisa e maerekitironi maringe nemamiriro ayo akatsiga, ipapo chichava anion. Ipo kana ichinge yarasa maerekitironi uye yayo chaiyo mutero inotungamira, ipapo ichave iri cation. Iyo gasi rinoumbwa neaya anions / cations ichave iyo plasma yatiri kutaura nezvayo ...
Uye chandiri kuda kuenda nacho ndechekuti kana iri mu equilibrium (yakajairika gasi), saka, nekushandisa isina kunaka kana yakanaka kubhadharisa kuburikidza nemaviri ma electrode (imwe iri mutochi -, uye imwe muchidimbu kutemwa +), izvo maatomu / mamorekuru hapana zvaachaita. Asi kuva load Nekuda kweiyi arc inovaisa iwo, isina kunaka electrode inogona kukwezva cations uye kudzinga anion, uye zvinopesana neyakajeka electrode. Ndokunge, ivo vanogona kutungamirwa, mune ino nyaya yakanangana nepamusoro pesimbi zvekuti ivo vakaita kunge projectiles, uye pane iwo tembiricha, cheka icho kunge bota ..
Nenzira usavhiringidze kusaenzana kweion ne radioactivity, nekuti pakadaro ndipo panogadzikana atomu nekuda kwekusaenzana pakati pemapurotoni kana neutron yenyukosi (maerekitironi ari muchikamu chinotenderera chakakomberedza iyo nucleus, uye ndidzo dzakakanganiswa neionization maitiro). Panyaya ye radioactivity, kana paine kusaenzana pakati peaya ma proton nema neutron, atomu inozova isina kugadzikana uye inoda kusunungura ma neutron akawandisa kana ma proton kuti asvike pakuenzana.
Iyo emission kuyedza kudzoreredza chiyero iradiation, senge alpha particles (helium), beta particles (maerekitironi kana positron) uye gamma radiation (yakanyanya simba photon). Zvichida zvinogona kukonzeresa kuvhiringidzika nekuti iri gamma remagetsi remagetsi rinofungidzirwa rinoonekwa semwaranzi ionizing, seX-ray, UV, kana lasers. Naizvozvo, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira maoni zvakare.
Plasma zvivakwa
Plasma ine zvinhu zvinonakidza kwazvo, mamwe acho akakosha pakucheka plasma kuti ishande. Semuyenzaniso:
- Izvo zvine mhosva zvimedu ions Nekuda kweizvozvo vanopindura kune ekunze magetsi, magineti uye magetsi emagetsi minda.
- Unogona kuitisa magetsi zvirinani pane gasi.
- Kuve inoumbwa nezvidimbu mune ine mhirizhonga uye yakasimba simba nyika, plasma inogadzira yayo yega remagetsi nemwaranzi.
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Zvichienderana netembiricha uye kuwanda kwemagetsi, panogona kunge paine mhando dzakasiyana dzeplasma. Semuenzaniso, kune maplasmas akatakurwa nechimwe chiratidzo kana chimwe, sezvawakaona pakutanga. Uye iwe zvakare uchawana iyo yavanoti inotonhora plasma uye inopisa hot plasma:
- Munyaya ye inotonhora plasma ine yakaderera elektroni density, uye yayo tembiricha inotonhora (kazhinji kamuri tembiricha). Semuenzaniso, iyo inoshandiswa mu fluorescent uye neon machubhu kuisa ionize gasi mukati uye kuitisa uye kuburitsa iyo luminescence kana iyozvino ichipfuura.
- El pasma inopisa, inogadzirwa apo gasi rinopisa kusvikira maerekitironi ave nesimba rakaringana rekuzvisunungura kubva kumaatomu, aine huwandu hwakakwira hwehuwandu hwemagetsi. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika muZuva, iyo inoshandiswa nemamwe masayendisiti, kana mune yekucheka plasma. Kazhinji, inopisa plasma ichagara ichinzi iyo iri ionized pazasi pe1% uye kana iri ionized zvakakwana ichapisa ...
Sezvauri kuona, iwo akasarudzika maitiro anotendera akasiyana maindasitiri maficha, sekucheka.
Mhando
Mukati mekucheka kweplasma tinogona kusiyanisa pakati mhando dzakasiyana zvakasiyana:
- Manual plasma yekucheka: iko kucheka kweplasma kunoitwa nemaoko, neboka rekucheka plasma. Anoshanda anozobata bata iyo yekucheka tip uye kucheka zvaari kuda nekufambisa ruoko rwake kunongedza iyo plasma jet.
- CNC yekucheka plasma: Kusiyana nemaitiro echinyorwa, kunewo matafura kana michina yeCCC inoita iyo yakatemwa otomatiki nekunyatso kujeka uye nekumhanyisa, kune chaiwo akacheka kana maindasitiri umo kufamba kunofanirwa kudzokororwa zvidimbu zvidimbu. Muchokwadi, CNC (Computer Numerical Control) inzira iyo yekucheka kunogadzirwa kwakarongedzwa nekombuta, uye muchina kana robhoti inotarisira iyo yakatemwa yakatemwa.
- Plasma kucheka nemhepo yakamanikidzwa: Kusiyana neyakajairwa plasma yakaoma, muna 1963 zvaibvira kuwedzera kumhanya ne25% nekuda kweoksijeni iri mumhepo. Nekudaro, ino okisijeni inosiya iyo yekucheka nzvimbo ine oxidized zvakanyanya uye iyo electrode inokurumidza kukurumidza.
- Jekiseni remvura kucheka plasma- Makore mashanu mushure mekucheka kwemhepo, Dick Couch, purezidhendi weHypertherm, akagadzira iyi imwe mhando yekucheka iyo inoshandisa mvura inojowa munzvimbo yekucheka kuburikidza nebhobho rakakosha radially. Izvi zvinoguma nekumhanyisa, iri nani mhando yakatemwa nemarara mashoma.
- Plasma yekucheka neoksijeni jekiseni: Yakagadzirwa muna 1983, uye pachinzvimbo chenitrogen okisijeni gasi inoshandiswa kucheka uye kudiridza pamuromo pembiru. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzikisa kucheka kwe electrode uye kucheka pevhu oxidation.
- Dual kuyerera plasma kucheka: ndiyo yakajairwa kana yakajairwa maitiro. Shandisa nitrogen gasi plasma uye inodzivirira gasi senge kabhoni dhayokisaidhi kana okisijeni mune yekucheka kamwene. Pakati chaipo pokubuda kwemweya miviri ndiyo ichave iyo electrode. Ndokusaka ichinzi mbiri kuyerera.
Uye kunyangwe nekuda kwekuda kuziva, tarisa tekinoroji yeiyo kucheka kwemvura. Ichokwadi chiri kukunakidza iwe.
