Clepsydras kunye neewotshi zamaSilamsi ngu-Antonio Fernández-Puertas

Yiyo i-monograph kwiiglasi zeyure, iiwotshi zamaSilamsi kunye nezinye i-horologies ibhalwe ngu-Antonio Fernández-Puertas onguNjingalwazi weMbali yobuGcisa bamaSilamsi kwiDyunivesithi yaseGranada. Ungowombutho oPhezulu woBuchule beMyuziyam kwaye waba ngumlawuli weMyuziyam kaZwelonke yoBugcisa beSpanishi-yamaSilamsi eAlhambra.

Asikokufundelwa wonke umntu, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukungena kweli hlabathi leewotshi zamanzi, ii-automatons, ii-horologies, njl. Uya kulithanda. Ukongeza ekuchazeni inani elikhulu lezixhobo kunye nokusixelela ukuba ziphi kwaye nini, zangena kubukhosi baseByzantium ukubona ubungangamsha babo kunye nemimangaliso ekufuneka benayo.

Ngokukodwa kuba akukho lwazi lungako lufumanekayo kwi-Intanethi malunga neClepsydras kwaye yintoni ekhoyo andikwazi ukuyibona ngokupheleleyo.

Malunga nemonograph

Lo mqulu weFundación El legado Andalusí kwaye lushicilelo olubini lweSpanish-lwesiNgesi. Yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo ama-4.

  1. Iphonononga imbali kunye neeglasi zeeyure ezahlukeneyo, oomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezaziwa ukusuka kumaxesha amandulo ukuya kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwi-Near East.
  2. Qhubeka kunye neewotshi kunye ne-horologies kwi-West West
  3. Emva koko uchaza imbali kunye nokusebenza kuka-El horologio del 764 H./1362 kwi-mexuar yeAlhambra.
  4. Iphela ngesahluko seewotshi, ii-horologies, i-automata kunye nezinye izixhobo ngeli xesha kwi-East Muslim, apho babengezela khona kubo bonke ubukrelekrele babo.

Ukuba uthanda iiglasi zeyure, ndiza kushiya ulwazi oluthe kratya kweli nqaku malunga Clepsydras okanye iwotshi zamanzi. Ukuba ndiyanda kancinci kancinci.

Ewe amanye amanqaku anomdla kwezi monographs yibhayibhile evula umnyango kwezinye iitekisi ezininzi esinokuthi siqhubeke nazo ukutsala umsonto kwaye siqhubeke nokuzazisa.

Ndigxininisa inkcazo yendlela amaGrike ayiguqule ngayo i-hourglass ngokongeza amanzi angenayo kunye nokudada. Ngamanzi angenayo, banokuhlala begcina inqanaba elifanayo kwitanki, ke isantya sokuhamba asifani ngokukhutshwa kwaye ngenxa yoko bayigcina ihlala ihleli. Isisombululo esilula kakhulu kwaye sinobuchule endithetha ngaso kwi nqaku.

Ukongeza, ukusebenza kwamakhandlela kunxulumene nokuphawula ixesha. Ikhandlela eliphumelele kulindeleke ukuba libene sundial ukwenzela ukuba xa livutha liphawule ixesha. Ngokuqinisekileyo isisombululo esihle kakhulu ngokunjalo.

U-Ibn al-Jatib uyaqhubeka nokuchaza i-minkan kwaye uthi ikhandlela limi ngaphezulu kwesakhiwo sefanitshala, eyayinomzimba wayo we-wax owahlulwe ngokwamacandelo ahambelana nokubonisa iiyure, kwaye kwaphuma umtya welinen kuwo ngamnye kubo,. eyayibotshelelwe entlokweni ebonakalayo ye-latch evala i-mihrab, kuba ukubanjwa ngentambo kuyithintele ukuba yehle kwaye iqale indlela yokuxela ixesha.

Kwaye uqhubeka nokucacisa ukuba kwiseyile nganye kwakukho ibhola encinci yobhedu eyawa xa ikhandlela lafikelela kweli nqanaba. Yawa ngaphezulu kwepleyiti yobhedu evakalisa ukujonga iiyure.


Olu lukhetho lokuqala lomxholo. Kukho ulwazi oluninzi oluncedo nolunomdla kangangokuba ndingayikopa incwadi yonke. Kodwa ndilinde ukufundwa kwayo kwakhona kuthatha amanqaku ngokusebenzayo. Ke ndiza kusandisa esi sihloko kakhulu.

Xa sithetha nge-automata, sonke siza engqondweni IsiTurk, i-automaton edlala i-chess, kwaye iphele ngobuqhetseba, kodwa le ivela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ngelixa izixhobo ezikhankanyiweyo kule ncwadi zisusela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX ukuya kweye-XNUMX.

Ebukumkanini basePersi u-shah wayenesihlalo sakhe sobukhosi phantsi komthi wegolide ozaliswe ziintaka ezahlukileyo zegolide ezazinokucula, kwaye kwicala ngalinye lesihlalo kwakukho iingonyama zentsimbi ezigqumayo. Esi sihlalo sobukhosi kunye nokusebenza kweendlela zegolide kushiye abo bamkelwe ngumhlekazi benkwantya.

Iiwotshi, ii-automatism kunye ne-horologies ezichaziweyo

Ezinye zezinto ekufuneka ujonge kuzo ulwazi, nangona ndiqokelela yonke into eZotero

  • I-clepsydra yesiGrike enamanzi angenayo kunye nokudada
  • Oomatshini beHero baseAlexandria ngenkulungwane yokuqala
  • Indlela yobuso bukaGorgon
  • Skipru isundial kumbindi weGrisi
  • Inqaba yewotshi yeenkwenkwezi eK'ai-fêng eHanan
  • Incwadi ngokwakhiwa kweewotshi
  • D Ridwan Clock kwi-Umayyad Mosque eDamasko
  • Iwotshi yeAl-ariazari (yenqanawa, yeseyile, yendlovu eyeyona igqibeleleyo)
  • UMinŷana
  • Umthombo waseLa Zubia eGranada
  • I-Hispanic Muslim Minbars

Shiya amazwana