Kule ncoko imangalisayo kodwa yoyikisayo neyoyikisayo uSylvia A. Earle ujonga emva elwandle kunye nendlela abantu abalutshabalalise ngayo. Ikwabalisa ngempembelelo yolwandle ebomini bethu kwaye isibonisa ukubaluleka kokulondolozwa kwayo njengemeko eyimfuneko kusindiso lwethu. Incwadi njengoko ndithethayo ikwenza uqaphele ukuba silahlekile. Siluphelisile ulwandle kunye nezixhobo zalo. Siyingcolisile sayitshabalalisa sayokungalindelwanga kwaye neziphumo azizukuba mnandi.
Sigcwele hype yengxaki yokuphathwa gadalala kweplastiki. Ngawo onke amaxesha, amaphephandaba kunye namajelo osasazo basixelela ukuba zeziphi na iiplastikhi ezingcolisa, ingxaki enzulu yokusingqongileyo kunye nendalo, kwaye zisibonisa isisombululo esinokubakho, ubuchwepheshe okanye izixhobo zokuqokelela iiplastikhi. Kwaye uchanekile, kodwa le yenye yeengxaki ezininzi zokusingqongileyo esingazinanziyo. Sibulala ulwandle kwaye ke yiplanethi yethu.
Ulwandle lulibala kakhulu ngendalo nangona lubalulekile.
[uphakanyisiwe] Ukuthenga Ihlabathi eliluhlaza. Ikhosi yeelwandle, ikamva loMhlaba[/ ibonisiwe]
Uphengululo lweNcwadi
Isincoko sahlulwe santathu.
Kokuqala, uthetha ngolwandle, iintlobo, umba wokumelana okungapheliyo kunye nomthombo ongapheliyo wezixhobo. akukho namnye owacinga ukuba singanefuthe elwandle ngale ndlela
Kwesesibini usixelela ukuba ulwandle lusengxakini kwaye ke nathi sinjalo. Imigodi, ukulahla inkunkuma, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukutshintsha kwemichiza, ukulahleka kwendalo. Inyaniso ebukhali esibeka endaweni yethu
Isithathu kwifowuni yesenzo. "Ixesha lifikile" sisexesheni, kodwa kufuneka sisebenze kwaye kufuneka sikwenze ngoku.
Lilonke, le ncwadi isixelela ngezixhobo ezikhoyo elwandle kunye nendlela ebesiziphelisa ngayo, nendlela esicinga ngayo ukuba ulwandle alunakuphela, alunakuphazanyiswa, kwaye abantu abanakuze baluguqule kwaye ekugqibeleni siye saqonda ukuba Oku akunjalo kwaye siye saqala ukuthatha inyathelo.
Kukuhlamba okwenyani ukuqala ukwazi enye yeengxaki zemozulu nezokusingqongileyo ekuza kufuneka sijongane nazo kwaye sithathela ingqalelo ukuba incwadi yabhalwa ngo-2012.
Ushicilelo lwam yenye yeRBA Duivulgación ngokusebenzisana neNational Geographic ngoguqulelo luka-Efrén del Valle Peñalmín
Ngubani uSylvia A. Earle?
Uyingcali yebhayoloji yaselwandle, umhloli wamazwe, kunye nombhali weencwadi kunye namaxwebhu azinikele ngobomi bakhe elwandle kunye nokulondolozwa kwazo. Ube yiNkosana yeAsturias Award yeConcord, intloko yezolwandle kunye nolawulo lomoya (NOAA), kunye nomsunguli woQhushululu loLwandlekazi kunye noPhando. Umhloli wokuqala ongumhlali kwi-National Geographic kwaye ngo-2009 wafumana isihloko seHero leZityalo elinikezwe ngumagazini iTime. Ungummeli waselwandle kunye nombhali weencwadi ezili-15.
Ndifuna ukuba usebenzise zonke iindlela onazo - iimuvi, uhambo, i-Intanethi, iinkwili ezintsha! - ukwenza iphulo elikhuthaza inkxaso yabemi kuthungelwano lwehlabathi lweeMimandla eziKhuselweyo zaseLwandle, «iindawo zethemba» ezaneleyo ezinkulu buyisela ulwandle, intliziyo eblowu yeplanethi.
Yimalini? Abanye bathi yi-10%, abanye ngama-30%. Ugqiba: luthando olungakanani ofuna ukuluchitha ekukhuseleni? Nokuba kunjalo, ngaphantsi kwe-1% akonelanga.
Ngokwenza oko, umnqweno weTED yinguqulelo efinyeziweyo yayo yonke into ekule ncwadi:
Kuyo yonke imbali yohlobo lwethu, ubukhulu becala iplanethi eblue isigcinile siphila. Lixesha lokuba sibuyise ubabalo.
Izihloko zeNcwadi ezibalulekileyo neeNkcazo
Ndineenkcazo ezininzi encwadini kangangokuba kungaphezulu kokukhuphela ngokupheleleyo. Kuluyolo olukhulu xa yonke into inomdla.
[eziqaqanjisiwe] Aziphathi msonto uqhelekileyo. Yinto endiyibhalileyo ukuyikhumbula kunye / okanye ukuyiphinda ndiyiphande kwaye ndifunde ngakumbi ngalo mbandela.
Imigaqo emitsha yolondolozo lwezixhobo zendalo eziphilayo
Ukusukela ngo-1950, ngokuqala kokuloba okushicilelwe ngemizi-mveliso, sinciphise ngokukhawuleza isiseko soovimba sibe ngaphantsi kwe-10%, hayi nje kwezinye iindawo, hayi kwiindawo ezithile kuphela, kodwa kuluntu luphela lwezi ntlobo zinkulu, ukusuka kwiitropiki ukuya kwiipali. .
Olo tshabalalo alubeki emngciphekweni ikamva kuphela leentlanzi kunye nabalobi abaxhomekeke kuzo, kunokubangela ukuba uhlengahlengiso olupheleleyo lwezinto eziphilayo zolwandle, neziphumo ezingaziwayo zehlabathi.
Ukubambisa, ukuloba izidalwa ezihamba ngendlela yeminatha okanye ezitsalwa zizithiyelo ezijolise kwezinye iintlobo. Kwingxelo ye-FAO, ebhalwe ngu-biologist uDayton L. Alverson kunye noogxa bakhe abaliqela baxoxa ngeengxaki zokubamba. Ngokwedatha eqokelelwe yiWorld Wildlife Fund, ngaphezulu kwama-300.000 ezanyisayo zaselwandle, amakhulu amawaka amafudo kunye neentaka, kunye nezigidi zeetoni zentlanzi kunye nezinambuzane ezingenamqolo ziguqulwa zenziwe ukubanjwa ngonyaka.
Iphepha elongezelelweyo malunga neembatyisi (iphepha 84 - 90)
Singabaxolela abo bangaphambi kwethu, abasondeleyo nabakude, ngokutshabalalisa imammoth yoboya bokugqibela, idodo lokugqibela, inkomo yolwandle yokugqibela, kunye nemon seal yokugqibela, njengoko bengaziqondanga iziphumo zezenzo zabo. Kodwa ngubani oya kusixolela ukuba asifundanga kumava adlulileyo nakwangoku ukwenza amaxabiso amatsha, ubudlelwane obutsha, kunye nenqanaba elitsha lokuhlonipha iinkqubo zendalo ezisigcina siphila?
Njengomntwana, ndandikuthanda ukwahlula izinto-iithoyi, iiwotshi, ibhombu endala-kwaye ndisamva utata esithi, 'Ngaba uzibekile zonke ezi ziqwenga? Ungaphinde uyikhwele? Ngaba ungayenza isebenze?
Ngubani ngaphandle kwesidenge, ubuza uAldo Leopold, angalahla izinto ezingenamsebenzi?
Imbali yeprojekthi yeZilwanyana eziLwandle (HMAP) (iphe. 141 - 143)
Impendulo kumbuzo wokuba kutheni kubalulekile ukuba izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo zilula: lonke ilizwe eliphilayo linokuqhubeka ngaphandle kwethu, kodwa asinakukwenza ngaphandle kwazo. Ukunciphisa iyantlukwano yobomi njengoko sisenza ngoku kuguqulela kumathuba ambalwa okuphumelela kwethu. UJohn C. Sawhill, umongameli we-Nature Consevancy phakathi kowe-1990 nowama-2000, wanikela njengesizathu esivakalayo njengaso nasiphi na sokungalahli obona buqaqawuli bobomi: “Ekugqibeleni, uluntu lwethu aluyi kuchazwa kuphela ngento esiyikholelwayo, kodwa ngento esiyikholelwayo, ukuba siyala ukutshabalalisa »
Ukusuka kwintlanganiso yamazwe angama-38 amenywe yiNkqubo yeZendalo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (UNEP) ngo-1982
Umbhali usixelela ngentlanganiso yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngo-1982, apho abantu abaphezulu bexhalabile ngento esiyenzayo kwiilwandlekazi
Umhloli wamazwe waseNorway uThor Heyerdahl wabuza: 'Singazithumela phi zonke izinto ezingcolisayo…? Sitshayela umhlaba kwaye siphosa yonke into phantsi kwekhaphethi, kwaye le khaphethi, ulwandle, yeyona ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu kwiplanethi ", kwaye wongeze wathi:" Ndiqinisekile ukuba umntu wanamhlanje ugqithisile kubukhulu beelwandle kwaye ujongela phantsi ukubaluleka kobomi kwiplanethi »
URussell Peterson, uMongameli woMbutho weAubudon: "Sisebenzisa iilwandle njengendawo yokulahla inkunkuma, kwaye sitshabalalisa iifama zentlanzi"
UJacques Cousteau: Isiphelo sobuntu sinxulunyaniswe namanzi ukusukela ekuqaleni kobomi.
USylvia A. Earle: Imozulu enemozulu yolwandle. Ezi zigcina ukungafani okukhulu kobomi. Ukuba iilwandle ziguquliwe, ngokunjalo nesimo sesityalo »
Enye yeengozi eziqwalaselweyo kukuphazanyiswa kwe-CO2 ekhokelela ekufudumaleni ngokukhawuleza, ngokukhawuleza
Ngokuqhubeka kushushu, ulwandle lunokukhupha izigidi ezininzi zeminyaka yekhabhon ebanjiweyo kwindawo ebengezelayo. Ukutshabalalisa ukwanda okukhulu kwee-methane hydrate kunokubangela ukhukuliseka komhlaba ohamba ngenqanawa okunokubangela itsunami ezinkulu
Abanye bacingela ukuba isixa sekhabhoni esifunxwe kwi-chemosynthesis sinxulumene nokulungiswa kwekhabhoni, ukugcinwa kunye nokusasazwa kwiwebhu ezinqabileyo zokutya.
Eyona nto ikhathaza kakhulu sisiphumo sokonyusa i-acidization kwizinto ezincinci ze-photosynthetic ezivelisa ioksijini eninzi emoyeni. Imithi, ingca kunye nezinye izityalo emhlabeni zibalulekile ekugcineni iigesi zemozulu zikulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lobomi banamhlanje kwiplanethi, kubandakanya nathi, kodwa izinto zefotosinthesiki elwandle zezona zisebenza nzima xa kuziwa ekuveliseni. ioksijini kunye nokugcina ikhemistri yeplanethi kwikhosi esisigxina. Njengokuba i-acidification inyuka, izinto ezinganyamezeli i-asidi zikhula kakuhle, kwaye ezinye ezinamanani asezantsi kunokwanda. Ezo zifuna imeko-bume yealkali ebonakalise ulwandle ngamachiza kwizigidi zeminyaka ziya kunyamalala.
Ingxaki yangoku yenye yokungakhathali. Nangona i-450ppm kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo amaqondo amaqondo amabini kubonakala kwamkelekile kwabanye, okokugqibela uMhlaba ufudumele ngale ndlela, inqanaba lolwandle lenyuka amashumi eemitha kwaye imozulu yayihluke ngokupheleleyo kule nto sinayo namhlanje.
Lwaninzi kangakanani ukhuseleko?
Ukusuka kwintetho noGeorge W. Bush
Kwiyure elandelayo enesiqingatha sathetha ngolwandle, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, inkunkuma yeplastiki elwandle, iindlela zokuloba, kunye nesidingo sokukhusela iiHawaii zaseLeeward Islands. "Ukuze kubekho abalobi, kufuneka kubekho iintlanzi," ndatsho ngelinye ixesha. Ukuze kubekho iintlanzi, kufuneka kubekho iindawo apho zikhuselekileyo. Emhlabeni, imigxobhozo iyakhuselwa ukubonelela ngamadada kunye namarhanisi indawo yokuhlala apho zinokufukama zikhulisele amantshontsho azo. Iindlela ezifudukayo ziyahlonitshwa kwaye kukho imida engqongqo yokuba zingabanjwa nini kwaye zingaphi iintaka. Elwandle, ukuloba kwimizi-mveliso kunciphise iintlobo ezininzi ngaphezulu kwama-90%. Ikamva layo, nelolwandle xa lulonke, libi, ngaphandle kokuba kukho iindawo ezikhuselekileyo zezilwanyana nezityalo zolwandle, kanye njengokuba kunjalo nasemhlabeni »
Le ntetho yaphela ngokukhuselwa ngokupheleleyo kwiiLeeward Islands eHawaii. ILitye lesikhumbuzo leLizwe lasePapahanaumokuakea, ama-362.000 eekhilomitha zolwandle. Ingaphantsi kwe-1% yolwandle ekhuselweyo
[uphakanyisiwe] Ukuthenga Ihlabathi eliluhlaza. Ikhosi yeelwandle, ikamva loMhlaba[/ ibonisiwe]
Iinyani ezipholileyo kunye nezinto ekufuneka zihlaziyiwe
- Zimalunga namakhulu amathathu iintlobo ze-octopus kunye ne-squid elwandle, kwaye imvelaphi yabo ibonakala kwiirekhodi ze-fossil, ezisusela ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha seebhiliyoni zeminyaka. Kwakusekho amakhulu amathathu ezigidi zeminyaka ngaphambi kokuvela kweedinosaurs. I-DNA esenza ukuba sikhetheke ayizukuvela kude kube phantse iminyaka engama-500.000 emva kokuzalwa kwee-cephalopods
- Izitya zolwandle zanamhlanje zincinci
- Ulwandle lweMeditera lomile ngokupheleleyo phakathi kweminyaka emihlanu kunye neshumi elinesibini leminyaka eyadlulayo
- I-Antarctica igqunywe nge-bile ubuncinci iminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo
- Ikepusi yeArctic ibinkulu kakhulu kwiminyaka emihlanu yezigidi eyadlulayo.
- UWilliam Beebe, wahlengahlengisa isikhephe sobhedu ukuze afunde iingqaqa zekorale zaseBermuda ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1920. Ngaphantsi kweLwandle lweTropic
- Ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo esetyenziswa ngabantu abahlukeneyo namhlanje kwaqala ngo-1942, xa uJacques Cousteau, umphathi we-French Navy, wadibana nenjineli u-ilemile Gagnan ukufumana indlela yokuphefumla ngaphantsi kwamanzi ngenxa yetanki yomoya. Ngenxa yeengxoxo zabo, ivelufa eyayiveliswe nguGagnan yokupompa ipetroli ngokuzenzekelayo kwiinjini zeemoto yaba ngumlawuli wokuqala wokuqala wokuntywila.
- Iinqanawa ezazihamba emanzini zazixabiswa ikakhulu ngenxa yempi kude kube ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1930 xa uWilliam Beebe wadibana nomyili wamanzi kunye nenjineli u-Otis Barton ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yocingo, i-bathysphere, eyathi ekugqibeleni yabakhokelela kuthotho lokuntywila.
Intlekele yeMimandla (iphepha 57 - 59)
Intsomi yemveliso ezinzileyo iphezulu (iphepha 59-63)
Khangela ixesha lokufota okuphelelwe lixesha kwiprojekthi yeBalog's Extreme Ice Survey.
- http://extremeicesurvey.org/
- http://jamesbalog.com/portfolio/portfolio-extreme-ice-survey/
- https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/naturaleza/grandes-reportajes/el-deshielo-2_7702/5
[ukhanyisile] Ukuba uthanda iinyani ezinomdla malunga nesayensi, ungaphoswa ngala manqaku sinayo kwiwebhu Inyaniso enomdla yenzululwazi y ukwazi malunga nezinambuzane. [ikhanyisiwe]
Ingxaki ngeplastikhi
Ndolandisa eli posi ngolwazi oluchanekileyo nolunomdla kwenye yeengxaki ngoku ezisefashini kwaye wonke umntu athetha ngazo, ezo zeplastiki. Kodwa oku kufanelekile kwinqaku ngalinye
- https://phys.org/news/2018-03-pacific-plastic-dump-larger.html
- https://principia.io/2018/07/09/el-problema-plastico.Ijc3OSI/
- https://elordenmundial.com/contaminacion-plastico-planeta/
Inokukunomdla:
