Izinto ezisisiseko kwimetroloji kunye nomgangatho kwinkqubo yokuvelisa

La metrology Ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkampani ezinikele ekuveliseni izinto. Namhlanje naliphi na iqhekeza kufuneka lihlangane nothotho lweempawu zomgangatho, ubungakanani, ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye nokunyamezelana. Oko kuyakuchaza umgangatho wesiqwenga. Unjingalwazi wam uchaze umgangatho njengokwazi ukuvelisa iinxalenye ezifanayo kwiiparameter ezithile

Imetroloji Yiyo inzululwazi ejongene nokufundwa kweeyunithi zokulinganisa kunye neendlela zokulinganisa.

Iworkshop yeMetrology Yinxalenye yomlinganiso kulwakhiwo loomatshini.

Injongo yeMetroloji kukumisela umlinganiso ngelixa ikwabonelela ngomda wokungaqiniseki.

Imilinganiselo ingaba:

Ngqo: xa sifumana ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lomlinganiselo
Icebo: xa ixabiso lifunyenwe ngenxa yokwenza uthotho lwemisebenzi

Inxalenye yokuphumeza umsebenzi eyenzelwe yona, kufuneka ihlangane nothotho lweemfuno ekufuneka zichazwe kwisicwangciso sokwenza. Zezi:

Uhlobo kunye nemeko yomzimba wedatha.
Ubume bejiyometri yesiqwengana.
Imilinganiselo yale fomu.
Umgangatho wokugqitywa komphezulu womhlaba wakho.

Akukho matshini unakho ukuvelisa iindawo ezichanekileyo ezihlangabezana nazo zonke ezi mfuno sele zikhankanyiwe, ngenxa yoko ezinye iindawo ezinemida ziyavunyelwa, eziboniswa nokunyamezelana.

Ukuqinisekisa inxenye kukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno eziceliweyo ekwenziweni ziyafezekiswa kwaye zikwindawo yokunyamezelana eyamkelekileyo.

Iiyunithi zokulinganisa. Iipateni

Iyunithi yokulinganisa bubukhulu obo, enexabiso lamanani elamkelweyo kwindibano elingana nenye.

Ngo-1960 iNkqubo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-SI) yachazwa njengeyona igqibeleleyo negqibeleleyo kumazwe. ISpain yajoyina ngo-1967.

Iiyunithi zobude

Iyunithi yobude kwimilinganiselo yomatshini yi-millimeter, elingana newaka leemitha. Ukulinganisa ubude kunyamezelo, icandelo lewaka le-millimeter lisetyenziswa njengeyunithi, i-micrometer

Iiyunithi zeAngle

Iyunithi yomlinganiselo wee-engile yikona elungileyo.

I-engile yasekunene yahlulwe yangamacandelo angama-90 alinganayo abizwa ngokuba ziidigri. Ngokulandelayo, ezi zahlulwe zangamacandelo angama-60, abizwa ngokuba yimizuzu kunye nomzuzu ngamnye kwimizuzwana engama-60.

Impembelelo yobushushu kwimilinganiselo

Kwi-SI, kumazwe abambelela kwi-ISO, imilinganiselo eboniswe kwizicwangciso ithathwa ngokuba ikwiqondo lobushushu lama-20ºC. Ukuba kukho ukulungiswa ngenxa yeqondo lokushisa, kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo

L_t=L₂₀(1 + α (t-20))

L_t ubude Tª,
L₂₀ ubude ngama-20 ° C,
Umlingani α wolwandiso lwe-thermal lwezixhobo

Umbutho weMetroloji

Iipateni zizinto okanye izixhobo ezenza ukuba kube lula ukwenzeka kwaye zivelise kwakhona iiyunithi zomlinganiso okanye ukuphindaphindwa kwazo kunye nezinto ezincinci.

IINTLOBO ZEMIFANEKISO

Iipateni zaseprayimari, zezo zinto zenza ukuba iiyunithi zeSI zisemgangathweni
Iipateni zesekondari, ezo zinto zenza izinto ezingezizo ezisisiseko okanye ezisisiseko kodwa zingangqinelani nenkcazo yazo.

IINDAWO EZISISISEKO ZEMIGAQO

Ukungaguquguquki
Ukuzaliswa kwakhona kunye nokusasazwa

Ukulandeleka. Isicwangciso sokulinganisa

Ukulandeleka kunye nesicwangciso sokulinganisa

Kwi-metrology, ukulandeleka komlinganiso kuchazwa njengepropathi ebandakanya ukukwazi ukubhekisa ngqo kumlinganiso ochaziweyo kwimigangatho efanelekileyo, ngokusebenzisa ikhonkco elingenakuphazanyiswa lokuthelekisa.

Ukulinganisa Yiseti yemisebenzi injongo yayo ikukufumanisa ixabiso leempazamo zomgangatho, isixhobo okanye izixhobo zokulinganisa, ukuqhubekeka nohlengahlengiso lwazo okanye ukuzichaza ngeetafile okanye ngeejika zokulungisa. Iziphumo zale misebenzi zichazwe kwisatifikethi sokulinganisa.

Ukulandelelwa ngokuchanekileyo kwelebhu yemetroloji kufezekiswa ngo-PUlungelelwaniso olusisigxina lan.

Isicwangciso sokulinganisa

Zonke izixhobo kufuneka zi-odolwe ukusuka kwelona xabiso liphezulu ukuya kwelona liphantsi kwaye zihlelwe ngokwamanqanaba. Eyokuqala ngemigangatho yesalathiso, emva koko izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ezinye izinto kwaye ekugqibeleni ezo zingalinganisi nayiphi na into.

Inenkxaso ebonakalayo eyenziwe:

Umzobo wenqanaba. Itshathi yokuhlela zonke izixhobo zokulinganisa
Ileyibheli yokulinganisa Iilebheli ezinomhla wokulinganiswa kwenziwa kunye nomhla wokulinganiswa olandelayo
Imiyalelo ifayile. Amaphepha ezixhobo kunye nemiyalelo yendlela yokulinganisa kunye nenombolo njengakwisazobe.
Ifayile yedatha. Iifolda ezinenani ngokwenqanaba lomzobo. Kwaye iya kuba phi idatha esicinga ukuba inomdla kwaye iyimfuneko?

Ukuchaneka kolu shishino

Ngotshintsho oluvela kwimveliso yobugcisa kuye kwimveliso yobuninzi, ukungqubana phakathi kwamalungu nezixhobo kuyafuneka. Kwaye oku kuthetha ukuba sifuna ukuchaneka ngakumbi xa sisenza kwaye silungelelanisa kwaye konke kunefuthe ku ukuphuculwa kolawulo lomgangatho.

Ulawulo lomgangatho luchaphazela ukumiselwa komgangatho kumgangatho ofanayo wokulinganisa uyilo, Ukusetyenziswa kokunyamezelwa kohlengahlengiso, ukuqinisekiswa koomatshini kunye nezixhobo kunye neenkqubo zenkqubo yemveliso, ukongeza kulungiso lwezixhobo zokulinganisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Imetroloji ibaluleke kakhulu kulawulo lomgangatho wemveliso. Kuya kufuneka ulinganise ngakumbi nangakumbi ngokuchanekileyo. Ngale ndlela sifumana eyona ndawo ichanekileyo xa kuthelekiswa ipateni kunye nezinto

Amanani aphathekayo agutyungelwe yimetroloji yomlinganiso

Xa sithetha ngejometri yesiqwengana esinokubhekisa kuso

Macrogeometry

Ubungakanani (ubude, i-engile) kunye neeMilo, ukujolisa, indawo, ukungxama (ngokuthe tye, ukufana, ukufana, ukubonakala, ulingano, ubungqindilili, ukujikeleza, ukujikeleza, ukungqinelana)

Iimpazamo zeMacrogeometric zivela kwezi zinto zilandelayo